无磁金属电导率标块测量系统

介绍了一种基于Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ－Ｌａｍｐａｒｄ原理的交叉电导率标块测量系统。基准标块的电导率范围为１３％～１００％ＩＡＣＳ,其不确定度为０．０８％,对未知标块传递测量的不确定度为０．１４％＋０．１％ＩＡＣＳ。     

无核黄皮的营养成分

对无核黄皮的营养成分进行了分析检测,结果表明:无核黄皮果肉占全果的68.1%,糖度20.1%、酸度1.35%(以柠檬酸计)、水分78.93%、蛋白质1.9%、脂肪0.28%;无核黄皮含有丰富Vc、VB1和VB2,分别为548mg/kg、1.35mg/kg和0.72mg/kg,VE1.58mg/kg,烟酸0.33mg/kg和β-胡萝卜素0.016mg/kg;无核黄皮中钙和钾含量高达0.71%和0.35%,磷含量为0.022%,氨基酸为548mg/100g,必需氨基酸为26mg/100g;无核黄皮还含有丰富的多糖,含量为1.7%。分析结果表明,无核黄皮是一种营养丰富的具有保健功能的水果,具有很高的开发价值。     

基于Thompson tau-四分位和多点插值的风电功率异常数据处理

针对传统风电机组风速-功率异常运行数据处理清洗时间长、模型复杂的问题,提出一种基于Thompson tau-四分位法和多点插值的异常数据处理算法。首先,对切入风速与切出风速间等于或小于零的异常功率数据点予以剔除,通过划分风速区间,采用Thompson tau-四分位法对异常运行数据进行分段精细化清洗,降低异常点辨识的模型复杂度;然后,通过四点插值细分算法对清洗后的异常数据进行重构,获得完整的风速-功率有效数据;最后,以风电机组实际风速-功率数据为算例进行对比分析。结果表明所述方法实现简单、效率更高,尤其在临近风电场数据缺失、异常、不可用情况下,所提出的重构方法能有效提高重构数据质量,且重构效果更优。     

Pattern Formation in Nature: Physical Constraints and Self-Organising Characteristics

Pattern formations are apparent in natural systems ranging from clouds to animal markings, and from sand dunes to shells of microscopic marine organisms. Despite the astonishing range and variety of such structures, many have comparable features. In this article, Philip Ball reviews some of the common patterns found in nature. He explains how they are typically formed through simple, local interactions between many components of a system – a form of physical computation that gives rise to self-organisation and emergent structures and behaviours. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mandarin fruit quality: a review

During the last decade, there has been a continuous rise in consumption and global marketing of fresh, easy‐to‐peel mandarins, with current annual production of nearly 29 million tons. Nevertheless, most of the existing knowledge on quality traits of citrus fruit comes from research conducted on oranges and grapefruit, which are the main products for the citrus juice manufacturing industry; relatively little is yet known regarding the unique fruit quality traits of mandarins, nor about the great diversity in these traits among the various natural sub‐groups and varieties of mandarins. In the present review we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular factors governing key fruit quality attributes of mandarins, including fruit colour, size and shape, ease of peeling, seedlessness, flavour, and nutritional quality. Fruit colour, size, and shape contribute to external appearance; peelability and seedlessness to ease of consumption; and flavour and nutritional quality to internal quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

George G. Thompson (1914–2008).

Presents an obituary for George G. Thompson (1914–2008). George G. Thompson died peacefully on July 12, 2008, in Worthington, Ohio, after a brief illness. He was 94 years old. Although he had retired almost 30 years before his death, he had a remarkable memory and keen analytical skills to the very end of his life. He was best known for his research and writing on developmental and educational psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“Seedless” electrochemical deposition of copper on physical vapor deposition-W2N liner materials for ultra large scale integration (ULSI) devices

Electrochemical studies are designed to identify processes that provide adequate nucleation and thin film growth directly on ultrathin, air-exposed physical vapor deposition (PVD)-tungsten nitride diffusion barriers. In this study, it is shown that very thin copper films can be nucleated directly on a conducting PVD-W₂N liner surface. A complex chemistry model based on mass balance and thermodynamic equilibrium has been applied to numerous ammoniacal platting bath compositions and the resulting concentration profiles inserted into the Nernst equation. Comparing the experimental results with the predicted model indicates that a strong adhesion is associated with the reduction of several copper-ammonia complexes at the metal nitride surface. Nucleation, growth mechanisms, and film resistivity are found to be dependent on the reduction potential, electrolyte velocity, and platting bath chemistry.     

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of flavonoid compounds in 5 seedless table grapes grown in Apulian Region

Flavonoids present in skin extracts of red seedless table grape varieties Summer Royal, Autumn Royal, and Crimson, and white seedless varieties Carati and Thompson were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS, in 3 y of study (2006 to 2008). The anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside (with their corresponding p-coumaroyl derivatives), peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (with their corresponding acetyl, caffeoyl, and p-coumaroyl derivatives) were found. In addition the flavonols quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, and the flavan-3-ols procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and catechin were also detected. Anthocyanins were the main flavonoids in red grapes ranging from 24 (Crimson) to 500 (Summer Royal) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes; consistent levels of flavonols and flavan-3-ols were also quantified in all varieties. To determine the effective climatic influence on flavonoids content in field conditions, viticultural practices have been developed, that could exclude the effects of direct solar radiation from confounding the assessment of those related to thermal conditions alone. A strong positive correlation was determined between flavonoids and temperature data that seem to be responsible for the difference of these metabolites along the years; furthermore, it has been possible to define a linear relationship (R(2) = 0.6871, P = 0.0057) between thermal amplitude and total flavonoids values in the red grapes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Grapes are economically the most important fruit species in the world and approximately 30% of its production is used as fresh fruit. Because of the very important role of flavonoids in food quality as well as their health-promoting properties, and considering that our experiments were performed along 3 consecutive years, gathered results in this research are quite promising to give a useful information on the flavonoid contents and their evolution in 5 seedless table grapes that are widespread in Mediterranean regions but also in California and South America, and are grown in a viticultural climate (Apulia, South Italy) very close to some regions of Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, and Israel.     

Optical method using rotating Glan–Thompson polarizers to independently vary the power of the excitation and repumping lasers in laser cooling experiments

A simple optical technique consisting in the rotation of Glan–Thompson polarizers is applied to independently vary and control the power of the cooling laser and the repumping laser in laser cooling experiments of ⁸⁷Rb. For our experimental conditions, which include initial laser powers of approximately 48 mW (for each laser), it was observed that the atom cloud was still visible after reducing the power of the cooling laser to ～10 mW while keeping the power of the repumping laser at its initial level. On the other hand, the atom cloud maintained visibility after reducing the power of the repumping laser to ～103 µW while keeping the power of the excitation laser at its initial level. In both cases the power variation of the lasers is achieved without altering the frequency or tuning characteristics of the lasers.