我国茶产业助力决战决胜脱贫攻坚的实践与思考

高质量打赢脱贫攻坚战的伟大历史征程中,茶产业发展对地方经济社会发展、农民脱贫致富和乡村振兴意义非凡,是助力决战决胜脱贫攻坚的强大推动力.文章总结了茶产业在脱贫攻坚战中发挥的作用和取得的成就,分析了11个省级行政区、337个贫困县茶产业发展和脱贫摘帽的情况,梳理了茶产业助力脱贫攻坚的路径,为带动茶产业继续做好防止返贫、持...     

安徽金寨茶产业扶贫的探索与实践

金寨县地处安徽西部大别山腹地,是国家级重点贫困县.近年来,金寨县坚持"生态立县、绿色富县"战略,将茶产业作为特色优势产业和脱贫攻坚主导产业.在茶产业的支撑和推动下,2020年4月金寨县实现了"户脱贫、村出列、县摘帽"脱贫攻坚任务.文章主要从提质增效,全力打造长效脱贫产业、创优筑品,做大茶产业扶贫特色、带贫增收,创新脱贫...     

用户需求下的安溪铁观音包装设计路径研究

目的 为解决安溪铁观音茶叶包装设计过程中的问题,本研究提出一种集成Kano-AHP-TOPSIS的茶叶包装设计路径。方法 首先,以安溪铁观音为研究对象,根据安溪铁观音消费需求,明确包装开发中视觉、功能、情感及文化等设计属性,从中总结归纳出二十二项设计中的用户需求因素,并基于Kano模型对其进行属性划分;其次,应用层次分析法(AHP)求解安溪铁观音包装设计中各需求因素权重,依据权重排序情况构思安溪铁观音包装设计方案;最后,运用AHP-TOPSIS法进行安溪铁观音包装设计方案的客观评价,以此验证所提出的路径在安溪铁观音包装设计中的可行性。结果 基于Kano-AHP-TOPSIS的安溪铁观音包装设计方案均优于现有包装设计。结论 基于用户需求集成的Kano-AHP-TOPSIS的茶叶包装设计路径可科学分析用户需求、合理聚焦设计因素、客观评价设计方案,可见该设计路径可为同类茶叶包装设计提供参考借鉴的思路。     

供锶-90和铯-137分析比对用的芦苇和茶叶样品的制备

本文报道了供实验室进行~(90)Sr 和~(137)Cs 分析比对用的芦苇和茶叶样品的制备和均匀性检查的方法。样品从核企业周围地区采集,经烘干和初步破碎后用超微粉碎机粉碎,在混样器上混合。装瓶后的样品随机抽取一部分进行灰化,测量其灰重,γ、β放射性和钾含量;用 F 检验和 t 检验的方法检查样品的均匀性。     

Concentration and Drying of Tea Polyphenols Extracted from Green Tea Using Molecular Distillation and Spray Drying

The purpose of this study was to develop a method of combining molecular distillation and spray drying to concentrate and dry tea polyphenols extracts. Molecular distillation and spray drying of tea phenols extracts were performed using an orthogonal array design. The order of importance that influenced molecular distillation was distillation temperature > flux > rotational speed. The optimal conditions for concentration by molecular distillation were 70°C distillation temperature, 10 mL/min flux, and 1,200 n/min rotational speed. Inlet temperature was found to be the most important determinant of spray drying. The order of importance that influenced the spray drying was inlet temperature > feed flux > wind capacity > feed concentration. The optimal conditions for drying of tea polyphenols extracts by spray drying were determined as follows: 170°C distillation temperature, 3 mL/min feed flux, 30% feed concentration, and 30 m³/h wind capacity. Results of this study indicated that the combination of molecular distillation and spray drying was very suitable for the concentration and drying of tea polyphenols extracts. Using this approach to process tea polyphenol extracts can not only maintain the quality of tea polyphenols but also save time and energy.     

Adsorption Characteristics of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution onto Tea Waste

The feasibility of using tea waste (TW) as a low-cost adsorbent for the adsorption of an anionic dye (Congo red) from aqueous solution has been investigated. Adsorption in a batch process was conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir isotherm (R ² > 0.99). Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R ² > 0.99). The effect of mechanical treatment (vibratory mill) was also studied. The experimental results showed that using this physical treatment leads to an increase in the adsorption capacity of TW from 32.26 to 43.48 mg/g. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the adsorption of Congo red on TW was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results indicated that TW can be employed as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution.     

Low Dietary c9t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake from Dairy Fat or Supplements Reduces Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Dietary cis‐9,trans‐11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fed at 0.5 % w/w was previously shown to attenuate inflammation in the murine collagen‐induced (CA) arthritis model, and growing evidence implicates c9t11‐CLA as a major anti‐inflammatory component of dairy fat. To understand c9t11‐CLA's contribution to dairy fat's anti‐inflammatory action, the minimum amount of dietary c9t11‐CLA needed to reduce inflammation must be determined. This study had two objectives: (1) determine the minimum dietary anti‐inflammatory c9t11‐CLA intake level in the CA model, and (2) compare this to anti‐inflammatory effects of dairy fat (non‐enriched, naturally c9t11‐CLA‐enriched, or c9t11‐CLA‐supplemented). Mice received the following dietary fat treatments (w/w) post arthritis onset: corn oil (6 % CO), 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 % c9t11‐CLA, control butter (6 % CB), c9t11‐enriched butter (6 % EB), or c9t11‐CLA‐supplemented butter (6 % SB, containing 0.2 % c9t11‐CLA). Paw arthritic severity and pad swelling were scored and measured, respectively, over an 84‐day study period. All c9t11‐CLA and butter diets decreased the arthritic score (25–51 %, P < 0.01) and paw swelling (8–11 %, P < 0.01). Throughout the study, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) was elevated in CO‐fed arthritic mice compared to non‐arthritic (NA) mice but was reduced in 0.5 % c9t11‐CLA‐ and EB‐fed mice. Interleukin‐1β and IL‐6 were increased in arthritic CO‐fed mice compared to NA mice but were reduced in 0.5 % c9t11‐CLA‐ and EB‐fed mice through day 42. In conclusion, 0.125 % c9t11‐CLA reduced clinical arthritis as effectively as higher doses, and decreased arthritis in CB‐fed mice suggested that the minimal anti‐inflammatory levels of c9t11‐CLA might be below 0.125 %.     

3种茶提取物对MCF-7细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其与蛋白激酶B的相关性

目的 探讨红茶、绿茶及普洱茶提取物对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖、凋亡的影响及其与蛋白激酶B(Protein ki-nase B,PKB)的相关性。方法用不同浓度的3种茶提取物处理MCF-7细胞不同时间,MTT法检测其对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测其对细胞凋亡的影响;实时定量PCR检测细胞PKB基因mRNA的转录水平。结果 3种茶提取物对MCF-7细胞的增殖均具有明显的抑制作用,且呈时间、剂量依赖性;3种茶提取物处理的细胞早期凋亡率均高于未处理细胞,PKB基因mRNA的表达量明显降低。结论 3种茶提取物均含有可以抑制PKB转录活性的天然成分,并可诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡;其中绿茶诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡效果最明显。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅时消解方法的选择

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定5种不同方法消解的茶叶中铅的含量,发现不同的消解方法对茶叶中微量元素铅的测定结果影响很大,从中也探索出测量茶叶中铅最低损耗的最佳消解条件,就是采用硝酸-高氯酸微波消解方式。方法灵敏度高,加标回收率为97.94%~101.86%,适合于茶叶中铅的日常检测。     

西藏多龙矿集区遥感异常提取与成矿预测

以西藏多龙斑岩型铜矿区为例,根据已知矿床,分别利用比值法和主成分分析法对ETM＋和ASTER数据提取铁染与羟基异常信息,分析研究已知矿体遥感异常特征;通过波谱特征拟合的方法,对研究区进行波谱分类。利用两方面的成果来对多龙矿集区作成矿预测,划定远景成矿区,其中一级预测区6个,二级预测区12个。多种异常对比组合,能够发现更好的指示成矿线索的信息。