香椿芽热泵式冷风干燥模型及干燥品质

为获得干燥速率快、品质高的香椿芽制品,以新鲜香椿芽为原料对其进行冷风干燥处理,研究不同干燥条件下香椿芽的干燥特性;采用Weibull函数模型对干燥曲线进行拟合并分析干燥过程;以干燥时间、干燥能耗、叶绿素含量、VC含量以及复水率为指标对不同条件下香椿芽冷风干燥过程进行加权综合评价;以热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥为参照,对比研究较优冷风干燥参数下香椿芽干制品的品质。结果表明,提升干燥温度、进口风速以及减少装载厚度均能显著减少香椿芽冷风干燥耗时（P＜0.05）,不同干燥条件对干燥耗时的影响程度由大到小为：温度＞进口风速＞装载厚度;Weibull函数模型能够准确描述香椿芽冷风干燥过程中水分含量变化过程（R2＞0.9）,其形状参数均小于1,整个干燥过程为降速干燥,主要由内部水分扩散控制;香椿芽冷风干燥有效水分扩散系数在（6.272～9.637）×10－9 m2/s之间,均属于10－9数量级,且受温度的影响最大;当干燥温度、装载厚度和进口风速分别为20 ℃、3.0 mm、2 m/s时,香椿芽冷风干燥的综合评分值最高,实验范围内,该条件较适合应用于香椿芽的冷风干燥中;相对于热风干燥而言,冷风干燥产品的品质更接近真空冷冻干燥产品的品质。     

绶草萃取物体外抗氧化活性及其总酚含量比较

采用DPPH法、ABTS法测定绶草不同有机溶剂萃取物的体外抗氧化活性,并用福林酚法测定其总酚含量。结果表明:绶草各溶剂萃取物均有明显的体外抗氧化活性,且呈剂量依赖性;各溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性强弱及总酚含量大小顺序均为:乙酸乙酯萃取物正丁醇萃取物石油醚萃取物。说明绶草不同萃取物体外抗氧化活性与总酚含量呈正相关,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的清除DPPH·及ABTS~+·的IC_(50)值分别为(45.270±0.005),(75.420±0.015)μg/mL,总酚含量为(13.861±0.002)%。     

Microwave‐Assisted Extraction,Chemical Structures,and Chain Conformation of Polysaccharides from a Novel Cordyceps Sinensis Fungus UM01

Cordyceps sinensis is a well‐known tonic food with broad medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and characterize chemical structures and chain conformation of polysaccharides from a novel C. sinensis fungus UM01. Ion‐exchange and gel filtration chromatography were used to purify the polysaccharides. The chemical structure of purified polysaccharide was determined through gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Moreover, high performance size exclusion chromatography combined with refractive index detector and multiangle laser light scattering were conducted to analyze the molecular weight (M_w) and chain conformation of purified polysaccharide. Based on the orthogonal design L₉, optimal MAE conditions could be obtained through 1300 W of microwave power, with a 5‐min irradiation time at a solid to water ratio of 1:60, generating the highest extraction yield of 6.20%. Subsequently, the polysaccharide UM01‐S1 was purified. The UM01‐S1 is a glucan‐type polysaccharide with a (1→4)‐β‐d ‐glucosyl backbone and branching points located at O‐3 of Glcp with a terminal‐d ‐Glcp. The M_w, radius of gyration (R_g) and hydrodynamic radius (R_h) of UM01‐S1 were determined as 5.442 × 10⁶ Da, 21.8 and 20.2 nm, respectively. Using the polymer solution theory, the exponent (ν) value of the power law function was calculated as 0.38, and the shape factor (ρ = R_g/R_h) was 1.079, indicating that UM01‐S1 has a sphere‐like conformation with a branched structure in an aqueous solution. These results provide fundamental information for the future application of polysaccharides from cultured C. sinensis in health and functional food area.     

蝙蝠蛾被毛孢菌丝体发酵液口服制剂的研发

以青海地区蝙蝠蛾被毛孢菌丝体发酵液（HSFL）为研究对象,采用浓缩、澄清、调配、灭菌等工艺将HSFL配制成口服液制剂,并对其抗氧化性及稳定性进行考察。结果表明,HSFL制剂的最佳工艺条件为60 ℃浓缩,4 ℃冷沉,双层滤纸抽滤,再4 ℃冷沉,2%的复配甜味剂（蔗糖∶纽甜=20∶1（g∶g））,pH 4.8,辐照灭菌（60Co、10 kGy）。HSFL制剂对DPPH·的清除率可达96.32%,总还原力为0.76,具有一定的抗氧化活性,且通过稳定性试验确定在棕色玻璃瓶密封包装和阴凉、干燥处贮存条件下,HSFL原液和制剂的保质期为2年以上。     

Effect of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) leaf extract on the swimming endurance and exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress of rats

BACKGROUND: Seabuckthorn (SBT) leaves have significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to assess the anti‐fatigue, antioxidant and tissue‐protective properties of aqueous lyophilised extracts of SBT dried leaves in the hearts of Wistar male rats undergoing exhaustive physical exercise. Doses of 50, 200 and 800 mg kg^?1 body weight (BW) day^?1 were given orally for 1 week. A week later the rats were forced to swim in barrels until they were exhausted. The times were noted to establish the effective dose of the extracts in rats. After establishing the effective dose, the rats were then sacrificed and assessed for various biochemical parameters. RESULTS: SBT leaf aqueous extracts (200 and 800 mg kg^?1 BW) markedly prolonged the swim time of rats. Supplementation with SBT leaf aqueous extracts helped reduce the exhaustive exercise‐induced increase in malondialdehyde level and selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. Alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels were lowered in the exhaustive exercise with SBT treatment group (E + SBT) compared with the exhaustive exercise group (E). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that SBT leaf aqueous extract supplements can enhance exercise capacity and protect against oxidative damage caused by exhaustive exercise in rats. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

虫草液体发酵的非营养条件优化与免疫功能研究

采用中心组合设计,以菌丝体生物量为考察指标对虫草液体发酵的非营养条件进行优化,同时对菌丝体提取物的免疫功能进行了探讨。研究结果表明:当培养温度为22.64℃、pH为6.18、培养时间为7.36d时,菌丝体产量达到21.73g/L;并发现其水提取物在50～200μg/mL的剂量范围内,能够提高巨噬细胞吞噬能力和促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,具有一定的免疫调节作用,是一种潜在的具有免疫调节功能的食品资源。     

不同采摘期及不同解冻方式对香椿香气含量的影响

为探究不同采摘期及不同解冻方式对香椿香气含量的影响,本试验对不同采摘期的香椿,经顶空固相微萃取提取香椿的挥发性组分后,用气相色谱的FPD检测器分析测定;同时对速冻香椿经3种解冻方式解冻后香椿香气的相对含量进行测定。结果表明,对不同采摘期而言,香椿特征香气随采摘期呈现先增后减的趋势,并且采摘于5月下旬的香椿香气最浓郁;对不同解冻方式而言,特征香气物质在常温解冻方式下达到最大值,且冻藏处理及解冻对物质A的影响较大。     

辽宁省稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹中可食部分砷的含量特征及食用安全评价

目的 为了评价稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹体内砷的污染水平和膳食风险。方法 本研究中从辽宁省盘锦市和鞍山市采集了560份样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和高效液相色谱-原子荧光法测定了肌肉、肝胰腺及性腺总砷和总无机砷（AsⅢ和AsⅤ）的含量,并利用目标危险商数（THQ）和致癌风险（CR）来评价对人体的健康风险。结果 中华绒螯蟹中总砷均值呈现雌蟹肝胰腺与性腺＞雄蟹肝胰腺与性腺＞雄蟹肌肉＞雌蟹肌肉的趋势,其中雄蟹肌肉与雌蟹肝胰腺及性腺总砷均值之间有显著性差异（P<0.05）,而雌蟹肌肉与肝胰腺及性腺总砷均值之间具有显著差异（P<0.05）;总无机砷均值呈现雌蟹肝胰腺与性腺＞雄蟹肝胰腺与性腺＞雌蟹肌肉＞雄蟹肌肉的趋势,总无机砷含量仅占总砷含量的5.014%-6.250%;盘锦市盘山县大洼区和胡家镇梁家村几个采样点的总砷和总无机砷含量相较于其他地区偏高,而其余的采样点总砷和总无机砷含量处在一个相对较低的水平;稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹所有样品的THQ值远低于1,CR值在10-6和10-4之间,经判别仅具有低致癌风险（level Ⅱ）。结论 稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹不会对消费者造成潜在的健康危害。