A Screening method for total oxalate determination in plant material by gas chromatography

Oxalates in plant material can be methylated directly to from dimethyl oxalate. After addition of water and chloroform, the volatile compoun is extracted into the organic phase and analysed quantitatively by gas chromatography. Some forms of oxalates are difficult to methylise, and this is apparent when 20% boron trifluoride-methanol is used as the methylating reagent. The use of 7% hydrochloric acid-methanol improved methylation, but the best result was obtained by repacing the acid catalyst with sulphuric acid and increasing the acid concentration up to 30%. Using this reagent, recovery from spiked samples was satisfactory (ranging from 92 to 105%), and precision of the method was good (Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) 1.3% at a total oxalate content of 1.95%).     

再造工程与全面质量管理的互补性及适应性的分析

通过对再造工程（Ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ Ｒｅｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＢＰＲ）与全面质量管理（Ｔｏｔａｌ Ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ，ＴＱＭ）的差异分析，探讨了两者在管理思想、管理目标、管理方法等方面存在的互补性，并进一步对ＢＰＲ与ＴＱＭ在时间上、空间上和环境方面的适应性进行了分析。     

Reengineering of the Laundry Service at a University Campus: A Continuous-Improvement Quality-Management Methodology

The Department of Auxiliary Services of the University of Miami had been the recipient of numerous anecdotal complaints by resident students regarding the service of the laundry system offered at the residential on-campus dormitories (students often complained about nonworking and/or busy machines). In this paper we present a holistic systems approach that utilizes total quality management and quantitative decision-making tools in a seamless fashion to improve the students' satisfaction and perception related to the laundry system. At the same time, other departmental important objectives, such as the implementation of an ongoing in-house procedure that supports its continuous-improvement program, are taken into account. Results that document the improved system performance are further presented.     

Organizational Change Through Quality Deposits

This article sets out the argument that despite the perceived relative lack of success with Total Quality Management, some things have actually been learned and some changes have been made in the organizational processes, systems, and culture by those involved. The key question examined in the article is how this learning and these changes, as a form of quality deposits, can be retained within the organization so that they actually build up over time and eventually make the organization ripe for major improvement change. The article sets out positive arguments for this, although it is pointed out that more research is still needed. It is also hypothesized that this is probably the most likely way in which change actually happens within large complex organizations.     

Transition from quality circles to total involvement in semiconductor manufacturing

Eight years of experience with quality circles has shown a progression toward the achievement of total quality. Significant positive results have led to the evolution from a voluntary programme to the implementation of a non-voluntary programme that includes functional supervisors. Each team meets for an hour per week during normal work hours as an integral part of the job. Over 83 per cent of manufacturing and support groups employee participation has been recorded to date and at present 62 teams are functioning. This article will present the details of this programme's progress towards quality excellence.     

饮用水中总α总β放射性测量的几点浅见

本文对饮用水中总α总β放射性测量提出了一些意见以及在测定过程中应注意的事项。     

Dietary total antioxidant capacity as a tool in health outcomes in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review

The dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has been a useful tool in epidemiological studies. To assess whether the TAC is associated with chronic diseases in middle-aged and older adults carried out a systematic review of articles indexed in MEDLINE and Science Direct. Of the 104 articles found, nine were included to meet the inclusion criteria. There was variation among the items on the sample size, sample origin, use of statistical tests, analysis of different outcomes and the use of assays to evaluate the TAC, which brought limitations to the comparability of results on the association of TAC with the outcomes of interest. However, in six studies we found an inverse association between TAC and the risk of chronic diseases, showing that this method has great potential for clinical applications and public health.     

肝病患者血脂检测对肝功能的评价

目的测定肝病患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白(apoA1、apoB)的水平,分析评估肝功能状态,并探讨临床意义。方法测定188例肝病患者(其中急性肝炎50例、慢性肝炎43例、肝硬化45例、肝癌50例)TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA1、apoB的水平,另选50例健康体检者作对照组,比较其差异。结果肝病患者的以上各项指标水平较均正常对照组有所下降,其中肝癌和肝硬化患者以上各项指标与正常对照组相比具有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论提示肝病患者存在脂类代谢紊乱,并且与肝功能的恶化程度相一致,其水平的测定能准确反映肝病患者肝脏的储备功能及其变化,可作为判断肝病患者病情严重程度的指标,并可帮助了解预后及指导临床治疗。