In the Hands of the People: Harnessing the Collective Power of Village Life in India

Top-down attempts by governments and charities to rebuild rural communities after natural disasters, or to rehabilitate slums, can leave communities feeling fractured. The Hunnarshala Foundation instead focuses on re-establishing social capital, providing funding and professional support for residents so that they can work together to improve their lot. This also reinforces the value of traditional artisans' knowledge in solving modern problems. Hunnarshala's Executive Vice Chairman Sandeep Virmani explains.     

晶圆减薄过程TTV调整技术研究

晶圆背面减薄是集成电路后封装关键工艺,通过金刚石磨轮的磨削作用,对芯片背面的基体材料-硅材料去除一定的厚度,从而降低芯片厚度,改善芯片的散热效果,有利于后期的封装工艺。主要介绍了在晶圆减薄过程中的关键指标TTV 的影响因素,通过设备自动控制,进行工艺角度调整,能够减小晶圆TTV 值,从而提高晶圆磨削质量。     

电子辐照深亚微米MOS晶体管的总剂量效应

为了研究电子辐照导致CCD参数退化的损伤机理,以及CCD内不同沟道宽长比的NMOSFET的辐射效应,将与CCD同时流片的两种不同沟道宽长比的深亚微米NMOSFET进行电子辐照实验。分析了电子辐照导致NMOSFET阈值电压和饱和电流退化的情况,以及器件的辐射损伤敏感性。实验结果表明,电子辐照导致两种NMOSFET器件的参数退化情况以及辐射损伤敏感性类似。导致器件参数退化的主要原因是界面陷阱电荷,同时氧化物陷阱电荷表现出了一定的竞争关系。实验结果为研究CCD电子辐照导致的辐射效应提供了基础数据支持。     

Treatment of log yard runoff in a couch grass infiltration wetland in Sweden

Sprinkling is often used in Scandinavia to protect round wood stored for industrial use from fungal and insect attack and drying cracks. Log yard runoff can be harmful for the water recipient due to eutrophication and oxygen depletion. A wetland system for treatment of log yard runoff is being evaluated in central Sweden. The purification capacity of a sloping couch grass (Elytrigia repens L.) field was examined when log yard runoff was applied to the field through a sprinkling system. Water samples were taken from groundwater pipes during four summer seasons (May to September, 2002–2005) and analysed for total organic carbon, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen and distillable phenols to evaluate the purification capacity of the infiltration wetland. Results from 2002 to 2004 were compared with results from 2005 when the irrigation intensity was considerably lower. Overall, the results showed good purification capacity although the concentrations of TP in the groundwater increased during 2005. The reduced hydraulic load did not increase purification.     

Total factor productivity growth accounting in the construction industry of Singapore

Total factor productivity (TFP) determines long‐term economic growth and is a comprehensive industry‐level productivity measure. This paper proposes Jorgenson's method as an appropriate TFP measurement for the construction industry. The method is less restrictive than the conventional Chau's approach, as it does not impose the Hick Neutral Technical Change assumption. Jorgenson's method is then applied to estimate TFP growth in the construction industry of Singapore over 1984–1998. TFP growth is found down by 1.53% per annum over this period, indicating that the performance of TFP in the construction industry lags behind the rest of economy. TFP growth is also found to be fluctuating over time and tends to move in tandem with the construction business cycle.

As a monitor of progress towards TFP achievement, factors influencing TFP growth in the construction industry of Singapore over 1984–1997 are identified. Seven factors are found to be significantly related to TFP growth. Among them, economies of scale, R&D by the industry, investment allowance granted and labour unions are leading contributors to TFP growth; while foreign worker, construction accidents and pre‐cast are major hampers.

The general methodology presented in this study can be applied to other countries. Future studies are required to find appropriate indicators for factors unquantified.     

Total project cost: a simplified model for decision makers

A simplified model for total project cost is developed in this paper to meet the numerous requests from decision makers for a model that can be used to estimate the total project cost from the estimated cash flows and, more importantly, to check the accuracy of the project cost estimates in feasibility studies that require prudent decisions. It begins with a base cost estimate in constant dollars and discrete cash flows with discrete inflation rates as practised by the construction industry. The discrete inflation rates are used to estimate the current dollar costs of the project. The effects of inflation are estimated as escalation during construction. Using the future value concept, interest during construction is estimated, in a simplified approach, to estimate the total project cost. Data from an actual feasibility study is used to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the simplified model. The model is extended to treat discrete cash flows with continuous inflation rates.     

日照标准下的总平面规划布局研究——以福州市的日照标准为例

本文结合福州市城市规划管理技术规定(暂行)以及规划局日照要求提出了如何在不同日照标准下的总平面布局及建筑户型的选择,提高了地块容积率,保证了人们享受日光的权利。     

医疗建筑谐波分析及治理措施

分析医疗建筑中产生谐波的常见医疗设备的特点;实测医疗设备的谐波数据;提出医疗建筑的谐波治理措施。     

国外高档加工中心的可靠性分析与评价

以故障总时间法对国外高档加工中心的故障数据进行了数据处理,并应用Matlab软件对故障数据进行了包括模型选择、参数估计和校验等可靠性统计分析,得到了加工中心的故障数据服从二参数威布尔分布。并基于所得到的各种可靠性指标对此加工中心进行了可靠性评价。     

糖醇的选择性衍生-毛细管电泳检测法

建立了糖醇的CE-紫外衍生法:以三氧化二铝/甲烷磺酸为催化体系,苯甲酸为衍生化试剂,选择性酯化糖醇。以新型混合取代环糊精衍生物添加剂,分离检测不同糖醇。木糖醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、阿拉伯糖醇均得到较好分离,且木糖醇、甘露醇、山梨醇这三个糖醇的检测限分别达到9.1 ng/L,6.3 ng/L,10.2 ng/L。