大豆皂甙酶解的研究

研究了用酶水解大豆皂甙分子上的部分糖基 ,使皂甙部分水解生成低糖、高活性皂甙的方法。探讨了 8种霉菌菌株对 7种糖苷键及对皂甙糖基的水解能力 ,得到 3种具有较高活性的菌株 ,用于水解大豆皂甙。它们分别是A .niger 848s,A .niger48s和A .oryzae 39s。并通过TLC和HPLC分析得到大豆皂甙酶解最佳反应条件为pH =5 ,温度 40℃ ,时间 12h。     

Sugar fatty acid ester surfactants: Structure and ultimate aerobic biodegradability

Ultimate aerobic biodegradabilities of an array of sugar ester surfactants were determined by International Standards Organisation method 7827, “Water Quality—Evaluation in an Aqueous Medium of the Aerobic Biodegradability of Organic Compounds, Method by Dissolved Organic Carbon” (1984). The surfactants were nonionic sugar esters with different-sized sugar head groups (formed from glucose, sucrose, or raffinose) and different lengths and numbers of alkyl chains [formed from lauric (C₁₂) or palmitic (C₁₆) acid]. Analogous anionic sugar ester surfactants, formed by attaching an α-sulfonyl group adjacent to the ester bond, and sugar esters with α-alkyl substituents were also studied. It was found that variations in sugar head group size or in alkyl chain length and number do not significantly affect biodegradability. In contrast, the biodegradation rate of sugar esters with α-sulfonyl or α-alkyl groups, although sufficient for them to be classified as readily biodegradable, was dramatically reduced compared to that of the unsubstituted sugar esters. An understanding of the relationship between structure and biodegradability provided by the results of this study will aid the targeted design of readily biodegradable sugar ester surfactants for use in consumer products.     

中国南方蔗糖行业环境物流管理分析

根据可持续发展理念,按照清洁生产、循环经济的要求,对中国南方蔗糖业资源及废弃物进行了环境物流管理分析.以云南勐捧糖业有限责任公司为例,提出了环境物流管理"勐捧模式",解析了发展中国家蔗糖业环境物流管理的内涵.     

On the fatigue behaviour of quenched and tempered at 300 and 600 °C SAE 1045 steel in an environment of sugar cane juice

SAE 1045 steel is widely used for manufacturing shafts in the sugar cane mills of the sugar industry. These shafts are designed with an expectation of a long lifetime. However, fatigue failures occur frequently. The sugar cane juice processed in these mills has corrosive properties that can alter the fatigue life of these shafts. In this research, the fatigue strength of SAE 1045 steel between 1 × 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁵ cycles in air and in sugar cane juice, with two different microstructures (tempered martensite at 300 °C and tempered martensite at 600 °C), was determined in rotating bending. The microstructure of the materials was characterized using optical microscopy, and the fracture surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the fatigue strength at 2 × 10⁵ cycles for the tempered condition at 600 °C decreases 7% because of the sugar cane juice effect, and for the tempered condition at 300 °C, the fatigue strength decreases 15%.     

仙女湖流域农业面源总氮和总磷入河污染负荷分析

本文采用输出系数法分析仙女湖流域各县区农业面源污染的总氮和总磷入河量,结果显示流域内主要农业污染源为畜禽养殖排污及农田化肥流失,二者总氮和总磷入河量占比超80%,各县区中袁州区是流域内总氮和总磷的主要污染来源,总氮和总磷入河量占比为59%。     

椭圆轨道全零多普勒导引律研究

星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据处理中,多普勒特性对于方位向性能以及成像精度都有直接的影响。基于轨道动力学理论,在椭圆轨道情况下,该文导出了同时考虑偏航控制和俯仰控制的多普勒中心频率解析表达式,分别分析了偏航控制和俯仰控制对多普勒中心的影响,提出一种基于椭圆轨道的全零多普勒方法,并用TerraSAR-X轨道参数进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明,使用该方法后,多普勒中心频率被减小到不超过5 Hz,比传统的偏航导引方法缩小了约一百倍,比基于瞬时圆轨道的全零多普勒方法缩小了5倍,表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于欠奈奎斯特采样的超宽带信号总体最小二乘重建算法

该文针对超宽带无线通信中需要设计高速模数转换器的问题,提出了一种欠奈奎斯特采样方法,该方法所要求的采样率仅与信号新息率相关,低于奈奎斯特率1个数量级。基于欠采样得到的离散时间超宽带信号,从理论上推导出信号的傅里叶频谱表达式,由此给出了一种总体最小二乘参数估计算法,能够准确地估计出冲激串信号的幅度和时移;通过将估计出的冲激串信号与高斯单脉冲波形卷积,完成超宽带信号的波形重建。仿真和实验结果表明,该文算法能够准确地重建原始超宽带信号,且算法性能优于现有的零化滤波重建算法。     

响应面优化碱醇预处理麦草酶解效率及木质素组分分离

采用氢氧化钠为催化剂,用乙醇对麦草进行预处理以提高其酶解糖化效率,并对降解溶出的碱醇木质素(AEL)进行回收提纯及结构表征,以实现麦草全组分高值化利用。基于Box-Behnken设计原理,选取预处理温度、碱用量和预处理时间为主要影响因素,采用响应面分析法优化了麦草秸秆碱醇预处理的工艺条件,建立了二次多项式数学模型。结果表明:3个因素对酶解率的影响大小依次为:碱用量>预处理温度>预处理时间。最佳预处理工艺为:预处理温度140℃,碱用量1.19%,预处理时间2.37 h;所得物料在pH4.8、加酶量20 FPU/g纤维素酶和20 IU/g β-葡萄糖苷酶、反应温度50℃的条件下酶解48 h,酶解总糖转化率为96.78%(以酶解底物为基准)。化学组分及扫描电镜分析表明,碱醇预处理可去除84.62%的木质素(以原料为基准),纤维致密结构被破坏,表面出现许多凹陷和裂缝,增加了酶对底物的可及性,提高了酶解效率。采用FT-IR对AEL进行结构表征,结果表明,AEL中除部分C-O-C键和C=O键发生断裂,其他基团得到了较好的保留,AEL作为预处理副产物具有较大的应用价值。