Effects of real‐time visual feedback on pre‐service teachers' singing

This pilot study focuses on the use real‐time visual feedback technology (VFT) in vocal training. The empirical research has two aims: to ascertain the effectiveness of the real‐time visual feedback software ‘Sing & See’ in the vocal training of pre‐service music teachers and the teachers' perspective on their experience with VFT. Forty participants from an undergraduate music teacher education programme were randomly assigned to three groups. The first two groups were assigned the teacher and student versions of Sing & See, respectively, and the third group served as a control group without access to the software. The experimental groups were given 12 weeks to use the software for vocal training on a self‐regulated basis. The technique of complex selections (TCS) was designed to assess the pitch accuracy and richness of vocal timbre. Pre‐ and post‐test singing tasks showed that the participants from the experimental groups significantly improved their vocal timbre. A questionnaire survey conducted after the training period found that most of the participants in the experimental s were positive about the effectiveness of VFT software in vocal training. As future leaders in the implementation of music education technology, pre‐service music teachers expressed a positive attitude towards the use of VFT as a technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) component in music education.     

Electrosynthesis of 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid from pyruvic acid in acid medium

This study reports the electrohydrodimerization of pyruvic acid to 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid in sulphuric acid medium (0.5 M H₂SO₄) on a lead cathode. The main products detected were lactic acid and 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid. The selectivity towards the formation of 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid was studied vs. pyruvic acid concentration in sulphuric acid solution, at −1.1 V vs. MSE. The best selectivity of 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid reached 69% for an initial concentration of 1.7 M pyruvic acid. The yield of pyruvic acid was 84%.     

复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2催化合成三醋酸甘油酯

采用复合固体超强酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-TiO₂为催化剂，甘油和冰醋酸为原料，结合醋酸精馏回流工艺，合成了三醋酸甘油酯（TCG）。通过对合成工艺改进，免除了有毒带水剂的使用。使TCG合成更安全，更经济和环保。催化剂制备和TCG合成最佳工艺条件为：硫酸浸渍液浓度（0.5～0.55） mol·L^－1，焙烧温度（550～600） ℃，催化剂用量（占总投料量质量分数）2.5％～3.0%。投料比n（甘油）∶n（醋酸）=1∶ 5.5，反应温度130 ℃，反应时间3.0 h，产品收率达92.6%，催化剂可重复使用6次，易于再生。     

对硝基苯甲酸催化酯化研究进展

综述了对硝基苯甲酸催化酯化的研究情况，重点介绍了直接酯化法催化剂的进展，包括酸催化剂和非酸催化剂。认为固体超强酸催化活性高，使用寿命长，易与产物分离，不腐蚀设备，无环境污染；相转移催化剂应用较多，酯化收率较高。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯的研究

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,合成了对硝基苯甲酸乙酯。对影响产率的诸因素进行了考察,其最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比4∶1,催化剂用量为醇酸总量9%,反应时间2.5h,反应温度81℃～85℃,酯化反应产率高达95.8%。     

复合捕收剂协同作用机理研究

采用苯乙烯膦酸与脂肪醇组成的复合捕收剂浮选金红石矿取得了较好效果，通过改进的Ｈａｌｌｉｍｏｎｄ管浮选试验、吸附量测定试验、捕收剂溶液表面张力和金红石表面接触角的测量以及Ｘ射线光电子能谱测试（ＸＰＳ），详细研究了复合捕收剂的协同作用机理。试验结果表明：苯乙烯膦酸在金红石表面发生了化学吸附，脂肪醇与苯乙烯膦酸相互联结，其疏水基指向水相，从而增强了金红石表面的疏水性，提高浮选结果。     

Synthesis and chain extension of nitroxide‐terminated styrene–maleimide copolymers

Thermal radical copolymerization of styrene (S) and maleimide (MI) at 125°C in diglyme in the presence of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxyl radical (TEMPO) was studied. Mole fractions of maleimide in the feed, F_MI, varied in the range 0.1–0.9. A quasiliving reaction process proceeded yielding copolymers with a low polydispersity (M_w/M_n = 1.17–1.41). The found azeotropic composition, (F_MI)_A = 0.46, did not differ substantially from that (0.5) in the conventional radical S‐MI copolymerization. At a higher conversion or MI content in the feed, deactivation of the copolymer chains occurred. The obtained TEMPO‐terminated S‐MI copolymers readily initiated polymerization of styrene; chain extension of the macroinitiators took place, giving poly(S‐co‐MI)‐block‐poly(S) diblock copolymers. The synthesized copolymers containing S and MI units were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1863–1868, 2004     

R-卡尼丁的合成和改进

以环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了 ( R,S) -卡尼丁 ,用二苯甲酰 - L-酒石酸对其进行了拆分 ,对反应和拆分条件进行了优化 ,并用氧化还原法实现了 S-卡尼丁的消旋化 ,使其可以回收利用。     

PRIVACY LEAKAGE IN HEALTH SOCIAL NETWORKS

Members of health social networks may be susceptible to privacy leaks by the amount of information they leave behind. The threat to privacy increases when members of these networks reuse their pseudonyms in other social networks. The risk of re‐identifying users from such networks requires quantitative estimates to evaluate its magnitude. The estimates will enable managers and members of health social communities to take corrective measures. We introduce a new re‐identification attack, the social network attack, that takes advantage of the fact that users reuse their pseudonyms. To demonstrate the attack, we establish links between MedHelp and Twitter (two popular social networks) based on matching pseudonyms. We used Bayesian networks to model the re‐identification risk and used stylometric techniques to identify the strength of the links. On the basis of our model 7‐11. 8% of the MedHelp members in the sample population who reused their pseudonyms in Twitter were re‐identifiable compared with 1% who did not. The risk estimates were measured at the 5% risk threshold. Our model was able to re‐identify users with a sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 96%. The potential for re‐identification increases as more data is accumulated from these profiles, which makes the threat of re‐identification more serious.     

苯酐法合成蒽醌固体酸催化剂的进展

蒽醌(AQ)是重要的有机合成中间体,采用固体酸催化剂代替传统的液体酸催化剂可以使蒽醌合成过程绿色环保。笔者对固体酸催化剂硅-铝酸盐、粘土矿物、金属氧化物、分子筛、杂多酸催化剂、阳离子交换树脂应用于蒽醌合成的研究进展进行了综述,认为固体酸催化剂对蒽醌合成有很好的研究前景。