几种柑橘类水果功能性营养物质测定与比较分析

分别测定和对比5种柑橘类水果果皮、果肉中VC、类胡萝卜素和总多酚共3大类具有抗氧化能力的功能性营养物质含量,以及总多酚提取物消除超氧阴离子的能力。结果表明,5种柑橘类水果在功能性营养物质含量上存在显著差异,且果皮中功能性营养物质含量明显高于果肉中的含量,但这5种柑橘类水果总多酚提取物清除超氧阴离子能力不显著。     

柑橘类黄酮提取方法的研究进展

黄酮类化合物是一类具有广泛开发应用前景的天然植物成分,在柑橘属中含量丰富,因其具有多种生物活性,对人体有着重要的保健功能,故在食品行业和医药领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了柑橘类黄酮的种类、分布、生理活性,重点综述了柑橘类黄酮的几种常用提取方法,阐述了方法的基本原理,并比较了各自的优缺点。     

High‐temperature conditioning induces chilling tolerance in mandarin fruit: a cell wall approach

BACKGROUND: High‐temperature conditioning (3 days at 37 °C and 95% relative humidity), which protects ‘Fortune’ mandarins from chilling injury (CI), manifested as pitting in the outer part of the peel (flavedo), was applied prior to cold storage (2 °C) in order to investigate the involvement of cell wall composition in the chilling tolerance of mandarins. RESULTS: Both low‐temperature storage and high‐temperature conditioning barely modified the alcohol‐insoluble substance (AIS) content or the degree of pectin esterification in the flavedo. Water‐soluble pectins (WSP) were higher in heat‐conditioned than in non‐conditioned fruits at the onset of CI. In addition, the heat‐conditioning treatment was able to increase chelator‐soluble pectins (CSP) after short cold storage periods. Covalently bound polyuronides in alkali‐soluble pectins (ASP) increased only in fruits with high incidence of CI. Cellulose and hemicellulose increased at 2 °C in both conditioned and non‐conditioned fruits, indicating that these polysaccharides may be altered by low temperature but are not related to chilling‐induced damage. CONCLUSION: High‐temperature conditioning may reduce chilling‐induced flavedo pitting in ‘Fortune’ mandarin fruit by maintaining normal levels of WSP and increasing putative sites for calcium bridge formation within the cell wall, but not by inducing changes in other matrix cell wall components. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

苯醚甲环唑在柑橘和土壤中的残留分析方法研究

建立了苯醚甲环唑在柑橘和土壤中的残留分析方法。样品经丙酮、乙酸乙酯或丙酮、石油醚提取,中性氧化铝柱净化,GC-ECD检测。方法在0.2～20.0μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,柑橘和土壤中苯醚甲环唑最低检测质量分数为0.001 mg/kg。样本中添加量为0.02～1.0 mg/kg时(n=5),平均回收率为72.90%～101.5%,相对标准偏差为1.36%～12.9%;方法的准确度和精密度均满足农药残留分析的要求。     

常山胡柚皮柠檬苦素提取工艺

利用高效液相色谱法对常山胡柚皮中柠檬苦素的含量进行测定,比较了有机溶剂提取、水提取、超声波辅助提取条件下,常山胡柚皮中柠檬苦素的提取得率。结果表明:用乙醇提取时,提取温度50℃,料液比1∶20(g/m L),提取时间60 min,柠檬苦素得率为2.97 mg/g;用水提取时,提取温度80℃,料液比1∶25(g/m L),提取时间90 min,柠檬苦素得率为2.42 mg/g。超声辅助提取时,以乙醇作为提取溶剂,柠檬苦素得率为3.32 mg/g;以水作为提取溶剂,柠檬苦素得率为2.87 mg/g。     

超声技术在橘皮中提取橙皮苷的应用

研究了橘皮中类黄酮化合物——橙皮苷的超声提取方法。在超声波作用下，以甲醇为溶剂，从橘皮中提取橙皮苷，通过对甲醇的浓度、提取时间、料液比和橘皮粉碎的粒度等因素进行的研究，确定了提取溶剂为甲醇，最佳的提取条件为液料比=50mL：1g，提取时间30min，橘皮的粒度为0.45～0.08mm。实验的重复性和回收率也较好(HPLC检测)。     

松针香橙抗氧化功能果酒酿造工艺研究

以马尾松松针、香橙为主要原料,开发一种具有抗氧化活性的松针香橙复合果酒。通过单因素试验、正交试验确定最佳发酵工艺。结果表明,发酵的最佳加工工艺为酵母添加量0.4%、发酵温度35℃、初始糖度25%、发酵时间72 h。此条件下发酵得到的松针香橙复合果酒不仅具有独特的香橙和松针风味,且具有较强抗氧化活性,其总抗氧化能力为67.587 U/m L。     

HPSEC with Component Analysis of Citrus and Apple Pectins After Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration

Component analysis of high performance size-exclusion chromatograms was applied to 3.3 × concentration of citrus and apple pectins in dilute solution by ultrafiltration with a hollow fiber module fitted with a 100K membrane. Viscosities of the pectins in retained solutions were unchanged and for citrus pectin there was a 10% reduction of weight fraction of the largest-sized component at the last stage of concentration. A small proportion of apple pectin (radius of gyration = 7 nm) was recovered from one permeate by freeze-drying, and, when redissolved in water, produced large aggregates (z-average diam > 100 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering). Results can provide guidelines for use of the method during industrial pectin processing.     

椪柑果奶生产工艺及其稳定性研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,对椪柑果奶生产工艺及其稳定性进行了研究?峁砻?椪柑果奶的原料优化配比为椪柑汁20%、脱脂乳粉2.5%、有机酸(柠檬酸∶苹果酸=2∶1)0.3%、白砂糖7%。采用β-环糊精包埋椪柑汁中的苦味成分；加入０．１５％CMC-Na、0.1%阿拉伯胶、0.1%黄原胶、0.15%柠檬酸三钠复合稳定剂,在25MPa压力下均质,并在80℃杀菌15min,可获得较理想的稳定效果。