低温溶液缩聚法制备聚间苯二甲酰对苯二胺

采用低温溶液缩聚法制备了聚间苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPIA),讨论了单体浓度、单体物质的量配比、反应温度等因素对聚合反应的影响,并用红外光谱(IR)、热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对实验产物进行了测定。红外检测出的特征峰符合PPIA的结构特征,热重测得热分解速率最大温度在520℃左右,X射线衍射表明聚合物有明显结晶现象,并且扫描电镜显示下的聚合物结构聚集状态良好。     

关于确定居住用地容积率的几点思考

住宅容积率是规划住宅项目建设的重要指标,对城市住宅的建设和发展起到了积极的控制和引导作用.随着社会的发展,以往的经验数值已经不能满足现实调控的需要,建设宜居城市需要科学地规划容积率指标,需要综合考虑经济、人口、基础设施、居住环境等相关因素的影响.     

水中石油类物质测定的因素分析

监测水中石油类物质的目的是用来控制工业废水和生活污水的污染。对检测水中石油类物质的常用3种方法进行了对比研究,重点对应用面较宽、正在推广的红外分光光度法进行了研究,分析了影响该方法实验精度的主要因素,并提出了切实可行的改进措施,取得了良好的实验效果。     

PAHs in sediments of the Black River and the Ashtabula River, Ohio: source apportionment by factor analysis

Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Black River and Ashtabula River sediments were apportioned using a factor analysis (FA) model with nonnegative constraints. Source profiles, contributions (microg/g) and percent contributions are determined with no prior knowledge of sources. The FA model includes scaling and backscaling of data with average PAH concentrations, without sample normalization. The present work is a follow-up to studies that used a chemical mass balance model to apportion sources to the same data sets. Literature source profiles, modified based on gas/particle partitioning of individual PAHs, from nine PAH sources were considered for comparison. FA results for a three-source solution indicate traffic (58%), coke oven (26%), and wood burning/coal tar (16%) are the primary PAH sources to Black River sediments. The primary PAH sources to the Ashtabula River sediments are traffic (51%), coke oven (44%), and wood burning (5%). This work supports the previous studies of Black River and Ashtabula River PAHs by CMB model. In addition, FA provides a more realistic fit to Ashtabula River model data by eliminating 100% contributions from one source.     

加工42CrMo曲轴的整体合金麻花钻头的寿命提高

针对实际生产中出现的刀具寿命低、加工区域温度过高以及加工表面质量不好等问题,结合深孔加工技术的技术特点对现场加工状况的分析,找出影响寿命的原因;通过改进刀具几何参数、加工参数以及刀具制造工艺解决了刀具寿命问题,使寿命从原来每支100件提高到150件,并提高了加工质量以及加工效率。     

轮廓扩展方法下的电气线缆布线技术研究

电气线缆布线是影响机电装备质量与可靠性的关键技术之一,布线路径是其中的核心问题。提出一种在轮廓扩展方法下的电气线缆自动布线算法。这里的方法在满足一定约束模型的情况下,构建了轮廓扩展框用于路径扩展,生成了路径主干道,满足了多目标同时共路径走线的要求。添加了搜索步长因子,使扩展轨迹得到了良好的收敛。通过对主干道进行简化,解决了在复杂、交错的布线环境中路径的"井"字问题。最后,通过实例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Pervaporation of flavors with hydrophobic membrane

Using a pervaporation process, a surface-modified hydrophobic membrane was used for recovery of esters which are volatile organic flavor compounds; ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), and butyl acetate (BA). A surface-modified tube-type membrane was used to evaluate the effects of the feed concentration (0.15–0.60 wt%) and feed temperature (30–50 °C) on the separation of EA, PA, and BA from dilute aqueous solutions. The permeation flux increased with the increasing feed ester concentration and operating temperature. EA, PA, and BA in the permeate were concentrated up to 9.13–32.26, 11.44–34.95, and 14.96–36.37 wt%, respectively. The enrichment factors for the 0.15–0.60 wt% feed solution of EA and BA were in the range of 48.5-62.8 and 97.7-101.5, respectively. Phase separation occurred in the permeate stream because the ester concentration in the permeate was above the saturation limit. This meant that selectivity of the membrane was high enough for the recovery of esters from dilute aqueous solution, even though the enrichment factor of the membrane was lower than that of non-porous PDMS membrane. The fluxes of EA, PA, and BA at 0.60 wt% (6,000 ppm) feed concentration and 40 °C were 254, 296, and 318 g/m².hr, which are much higher than those obtained with polymer membranes. In the case of non-porous PDMS at feed concentrations of 90-4,800 ppm and at 45 °C, it was reported that the permeate flux of EA was 1.1–5.8 g/m^2.h. Compared to non-porous PDMS, the surface-modified membrane investigated in this study showed a much higher flux and enough selectivity of esters.     

Al2O3/Cu复合材料的研究进展

概述了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｃｕ复合材料的研究现状,并对其制备工艺以及影响性能的因素进行了介绍。     

中国企业从事国际商务途径的研究

随着经济全球化进程的加快和我国的成功入世,越来越多的中国企业开始从事国际商务.正确选择从事国际商务的途径是企业国际商务活动成败的关键.首先介绍了国际商务及其途径的基本概念,接着分析了从事侣国际商务的主要途径的优缺点,最后分析了影响企业选择从事国际商务途径的主要因素.     

变频电源消谐波控制技术的研究

对三相变频电源的整流器和逆变器采用单片机消谐波控制技术进行设计和研究。这对设计一类线性电子装置(设备)具有重要意义。