高精度紫外标准探测器的定标

研究了紫外标准探测器定标方法,以便进一步提高紫外波段辐射定标的精度。构建了高精度紫外标准辐射计,并推导了紫外辐射计响应度标准。在定标过程中直接利用高精度标准辐射计进行标准传递,并根据替代法定标原理消除了多项影响因子,使得定标精度大幅提高。最后,利用标准光源及标准探测器定标方法对待测光源辐照度、空间遥感仪器辐照度响应度进行了标定。两种方法定标结果表明:采用标准探测器定标方法可使定标不确定度降低到1.6%,充分证明了紫外标准探测器定标方法的有效性及高精度,实现了紫外探测器定标方法的工程化应用。     

Inhibition of premature polymerization of cationically polymerizable low viscosity systems

Photocurable inkjet inks based on cationically curable materials are a promising new technology with many advantages and some problems yet to be solved. One of the latter is the long-term stability of liquid inks. Reactive monomers are stable in the dark at room temperature for a long time. When a photoinitiator (iodonium salt) is added, premature gelation takes place within several days, depending on the temperature. Tertiary amine, hindered amine, hindered phenol, a quinone derivative, a sulphur-based antioxidant, beta-carotene and their selected mixtures were tested as potential inhibitors of premature cationic polymerization by being subjected to accelerated ageing at higher temperatures. The influence of additives on photoinitiated polymerization was studied by means of FTIR spectroscopy. The inhibition effect of additives was ascertained by monitoring the changes in viscosity during long-term temperature exposition as well. The system used for the study was a model system containing a cycloaliphatic epoxide monomer, oxetane monomers and a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator. Amines, in contrast to antioxidants, proved to be effective as premature polymerization inhibitors.     

Preparation of waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate/LDH nanocomposite

A series of novel waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate (WHPUA)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites based on hyperbranched aliphatic polyester Boltorn H20 (H20) and MgAl-LDH were successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization approach. The MgAl-LDH was firstly modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through the coprecipitation method, and then grafted by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), forming a complex with NCO groups at the surface and interlayer of LDH (LDH-DS-NCO). The residual hydroxyl groups after modification with succinic anhydride were crosslinked by the semi-adduct of IPDI reacted with HEA, and LDH-DS-NCO, followed by a neutralization reaction with triethylamine. The resulting water dispersible hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate WHPUA/LDH hybrid oligomer was then exposed to a medium pressure mercury lamp, forming a partially exfoliated WHPUA/LDH nanocomposite in the presence of a fragmental photoinitiator. The chemical structure, crystal configuration, morphology of WHPUA/LDH nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results indicated that both the intercalated and exfoliated structures were formed in the UV cured polymer/LDH nanocomposite. The TGA results showed that the thermal stability was improved. Moreover, the pencil hardness was greatly increased, and the flexibility remained at an acceptable level for the UV cured polymer/LDH nanocomposites.     

Increased Activity of Cell Surface Peptidases in HeLa Cells Undergoing UV-Induced Apoptosis Is Not Mediated by Caspase 3

We have previously shown that in HeLa cells treated with a variety of agents there is an increase in cell surface peptidase (CSP) activity in those cells undergoing apoptosis. The increase in CSP activity observed in UVB-irradiated cells undergoing apoptosis was unaffected when the cultures were treated with the aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin, and matrix metalloprotease inhibitor BB3103, but greatly enhanced when treated with the caspase 3 inhibitor-DEVD, and reduced in the presence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-3-aminobenzamide (3AB). Neither 3AB nor DEVD had an effect on the gross morphology of the apoptotic cells observed under electron microscopy, nor did they have an effect on phosphatidylserine eversion on the cell membrane, or that of PARP cleavage. All the agents except for DEVD had no effect on the level of caspase 3 activity in the cells. The results suggest that other caspases may cleave PARP in these cells. Both 3AB and DEVD treatment reduced the level of actin cleavage seen in the apoptotic cells. The increase in CSP activity observed in cells undergoing UVB-induced apoptosis appears to involve PARP but not caspase 3.     

Surface Property Modification of Epoxy Coatings by Polydimethylsiloxanes

Surface properties of epoxy coatings are modified by PDMS additives in cationic UV curing of a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. The cured films show a very high hydrophobicity that does not depend on PDMS concentration, indicating that a threshold is reached even at 0.3 wt% additive. A slight increase of the water contact angle as a function of PDMS molecular weight is observed. The additive selectively modified the air‐side of the film, while the glass‐side retains the surface properties of the pure resin. This segregation phenomenon permits to obtain highly hydrophobic films with still good adhesion properties on polar substrates, which is an important advantage over common surface‐modified resins.

     

聚酰胺光伏背板老化性能及机理研究

分别研究了在湿热老化、加速湿热老化、紫外辐照老化模式下,背板的力学性能和聚酰胺熔融焓及黄度指数的变化,分析了老化前后背板的断面形貌和表面形貌变化。结果表明:湿热老化和加速湿热老化聚酰胺趋于结晶以及聚酰胺和玻璃纤维界面作用减弱;紫外辐射老化主要导致酰胺键断开,分子结构破坏。通过比较老化前后力学性能、黄度指数及表面形貌发现,紫外辐照老化对聚酰胺背板的影响较大。     

不对称二苯乙烯基苯并(噁)唑类化合物的合成及光谱性能的研究

以对氰基氯苄为原料,与取代的邻氨基苯酚反应,合成了一系列标题化合物.测定了此类化合物的紫外光谱和荧光光谱,并以硫酸奎宁为参比标准测定了化合物的荧光量子产率.研究了分子结构与紫外光谱、荧光光谱的关系.     

酸浸及紫外诱变对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸矿的影响

利用从湖北省大冶市铜山口矿区的酸性矿坑水中选育的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,以下简称T.f菌）对该矿区的铁矿进行了浸矿研究。结果表明：未经酸浸处理的矿粉,对体系pH值的影响较大,从而影响T.f菌的生长,进而影响浸矿效果;经过酸浸处理的矿粉,在整个浸矿过程中,体系pH值相对恒定,T.f菌生长良好;对混合菌群进行单次紫外诱变,未能明显提高浸矿能力。     

基于GPRS的紫外水质分析仪的研究

通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术作为一种成熟的商用无线通信技术,在无线监测管理系统中因其费用较其他无线传输(如3G技术)低,且传输速率高,而有着很好的应用前景。文中针对传统水质监测系统存在水质采样能力弱、数据处理不及时和缺乏水质变化预警机制等问题,提出了一种基于GPRS技术的无线远程传输水质分析仪设计方案。该分析仪实现了远程数据接受、实时显示、统计分析、报警机制等功能,可以为环保部门监督管理工作提供依据。     

Effects of UV 254 irradiation on residual chlorine and DBPs in chlorination of model organic-N precursors in swimming pools

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is commonly applied as a secondary disinfection process in chlorinated pools. UV-based systems have been reported to yield improvements in swimming pool water and air chemistry, but to date these observations have been largely anecdotal. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the effects of UV irradiation on chlorination of important organic-N precursors in swimming pools.Creatinine, L-arginine, L-histidine, glycine, and urea, which comprise the majority of the organic-N in human sweat and urine, were selected as precursors for use in conducting batch experiments to examine the time-course behavior of several DBPs and residual chlorine, with and without UV₂₅₄ irradiation. In addition, water samples from two natatoria were subjected to monochromatic UV irradiation at wavelengths of 222 nm and 254 nm to evaluate changes of liquid-phase chemistry. UV₂₅₄ irradiation promoted formation and/or decay of several chlorinated N-DBPs and also increased the rate of free chlorine consumption. UV exposure resulted in loss of inorganic chloramines (e.g., NCl₃) from solution. Dichloromethylamine (CH₃NCl₂) formation from creatinine was promoted by UV exposure, when free chlorine was present in solution; however, when free chlorine was depleted, CH₃NCl₂ photodecay was observed. Dichoroacetonitrile (CNCHCl₂) formation (from L-histidine and L-arginine) was promoted by UV₂₅₄ irradiation, as long as free chlorine was present in solution. Likewise, UV exposure was observed to amplify cyanogen chloride (CNCl) formation from chlorination of L-histidine, L-arginine, and glycine, up to the point of free chlorine depletion. The results from experiments involving UV irradiation of chlorinated swimming pool water were qualitatively consistent with the results of model experiments involving UV/chlorination of precursors in terms of the behavior of residual chlorine and DBPs measured in this study.The results indicate that UV₂₅₄ irradiation promotes several reactions that are involved in the formation and/or destruction of chlorinated N-DBPs in pool settings. Enhancement of DBP formation was consistent with a mechanism whereby a rate-limiting step in DBP formation was promoted by UV exposure. Promotion of these reactions also resulted in increases of free chlorine consumption rates.