Infrared thermography (IRT) and ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) for the nondestructive evaluation of ballast tanks’ coated surfaces

This paper quantifies the detectability limits of infrared thermography (IRT) and ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) techniques in the thickness measurements of the naval protective coatings applied on ship ballast tanks. The change in signal per unit thickness (25 μm) is used to describe each technique resolution, when using a pulsed-thermographic procedure and a UVF spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, Tanimoto criterion in addition to a local signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) computation measure the revealability of pinholes, the IRT technique provides an 83% revealability while the UVF imaging has a 66% value. The goal of this work is to benchmark the novel UVF approach against that of the IRT procedures.     

Spectral Data Analyses and Structure Elucidation of Sedative‐Hypnotic Zopiclone

Abstract

The infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum, mass spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the sedative‐hypnotic zopiclone were reported and interpreted comprehensively. All the ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts were assigned by means of ¹H‐¹H and ¹³C‐¹H correlation spectroscopy, and correlation spectroscopy via long range coupling. The main characteristic fragmentations in mass spectra, vibrations of functional groups in infrared spectrum, and electron transition in ultraviolet spectrum of zopiclone were also discussed.     

轻质油品中硫含量测定研究

阐述了紫外荧光法测定轻质油品中硫含量的分析原理。通过建立标准曲线，考察实验条件对数据的影响，来测定硫含量。检验了方法的精密度和准确度，并与微库仑法，燃灯法进行了数据对比。     

用紫外吸收光谱法测定粗蒽中菲、蒽的含量

用紫外吸收光谱法同时测定粗蒽中菲、蒽的含量,结果表明,采用环已烷作溶剂,吸收波长分别为293nm和357nm,在0.004～0.04g/L范围内,菲、蒽符合线性关系。该方法操作简单、测定迅速、结果准确。     

高数值孔径投影光刻物镜的光学设计

针对45nm节点投影光刻物镜的应用,开展了工作波长为193nm的深紫外浸没式高数值孔径(NA)投影光刻物镜的研究和研制。设计了数值孔径(NA)为1.30的离轴三反射镜投影光刻物镜和NA为1.35的同轴两反射镜投影光刻物镜,并对两个设计方案的优劣进行对比分析,选择了同轴式结构作为最终的设计方案。分析了系统在不同NA情况下可变光阑与其远心度之间的关系,提出了用双可变曲面光阑的设计方案来优化系统的远心度。实验表明,应用本文设计方案,光刻物镜的波像差小于1nm,畸变小于1nm;新型的可变光阑使系统NA在0.85~1.35变化时的最大远心度由5.83~17.57mrad降低至0.26~3.21mrad。本文提出的设计方案为45nm节点高数值孔径投影光刻物镜的研制提供了有益的理论依据和指导。     

水果、蔬菜中甲基托布津的测定方法研究

着重对国家标准方法中测定蔬菜、水果中的甲基托布津的方法进行改进,利用高速离心机代替布氏漏斗抽虑和反复洗涤的过程,同时又利用水浴代替氮吹的方法挥干有机溶剂,这样不但节省了试验的步骤,同时减少了测定的时间。该方法测定草莓中甲基托布津回收率在97％～102％之间。结果满意。     

绢云母质无机紫外屏蔽剂在聚丙烯中的应用

用自制的绢云母质无机紫外屏蔽剂改性聚丙烯(PP),对光老化后的PP复合材料进行力学性能测试。结果表明:绢云母质无机紫外屏蔽剂可以显著改善PP复合材料的耐光老化性,同时提高复合材料的综合力学性能;其最佳添加量是20%。     

Controlled grafting from poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membranes via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization and antifouling properties

A reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) with benzoyl peroxide (BPO)/CuCl/2,2-bipyridine (Bpy) was applied onto grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration (MF) membrane surfaces, including the pore surfaces. The introduction of peroxide and hydroperoxide groups onto the PVDF membranes was achieved by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in nitrogen, followed by air exposure. RATRP from UV pretreated hydrophobic PVDF membranes was then performed for attaching well-defined homopolymer. The chemical composition of the modified PVDF membrane surfaces was characterized by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface and cross-section morphology of membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pore sizes of the pristine PVDF and the PMMA grafted PVDF membranes were measured using micro-image analysis and process software. With increase of graft concentration, the pore size of the modified membranes decreased and became uniform. Kinetic studies of homogeneous (in toluene solution) system revealed a linear increase in molecular weight with the reaction time and narrow molecular weight distribution, indicating that the chain growth from the membrane surface was a “controlled” or “living” grafting process. The introduction of the well-defined PMMA on the PVDF membrane gave rise to hydrophilicity. Protein adsorption and protein solution permeation experiments revealed that the UV pretreated hydrophobic PVDF membrane subjected to surface-initiated RATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) exhibited good antifouling property.     

使用感应电荷位敏阳极的极紫外单光子计数成像系统

研制了用于月基极紫外成像相机的二维极紫外位敏阳极光子计数成像探测器原型样机,该探测器系统主要由工作在脉冲计数模式下的微通道板堆、楔条形感应位敏阳极及相关的模拟和数据处理电路组成。设计和制备了周期为1.5mm,有效直径为47 mm的三电极楔条形位敏阳极,研制了最高计数率为200 kHz的前端模拟和数字电路。测量了探测器的暗计数率、脉冲高度分布、增益、线性及空间分辨率等工作特性。测量结果表明,探测器的空间分辨率为7.13 lp/mm(即0.14 mm),满足月基极紫外相机对空间分辨率的要求。     

Reduction of chloroform formation potential of humic acid by sonolysis and ultraviolet irradiation

This study is concerned with the changes of chloroform formation potential during the reaction of humic acid (HA) and sodium hypochlorite caused by different oxidative pretreatments: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ultrasonic (US) irradiation or combined UV-US irradiations. The UV and US decomposition of a reagent HA in water was investigated. The characterization of the oxidized HA sample by UV absorptiometry, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography points a synergetic effect of the combined process. The values of the chlorine demand and chloroform formation potential were conventionally determined after a 96 h reaction at neutral pH. It was found that all applied processes decreased the concentration of chloroform but the highest decrease was observed for the UV-US treatment.