基于数据驱动鲁棒优化的用户侧综合能源舱低碳规划

在“双碳”目标下,实现多能互补利用的综合能源系统规划研究势在必行,而装卸、配置灵活的用户侧综合能源舱成为了新兴的重要研究对象。构建了引入多元混合储能、碳捕集装置的两阶段综合能源舱规划模型,达到了舱内多能灵活互补、碳排放回收利用的效果。为处理能源舱规划环节中的风电、光伏新能源出力和用户负荷不确定性问题,提出了基于极端场景椭球集的数据驱动鲁棒优化方法,对不确定变量间的相关性进行精确描述,改善了传统鲁棒优化结果过于保守的问题,并通过相较传统分布鲁棒概率计算方法而言更简便的椭球端点提取方法以得到极端场景。利用椭球极端场景优势,改进了列与约束生成法(column and constraint generation method,CCG)求解方法的步骤,避免了复杂子问题对偶处理。最后通过算例仿真,与传统区间不确定集鲁棒优化方法进行对比,证明所提规划方法在降低经济成本与节能低碳方面的优越性。     

The lateral load-deformation response of RC walls with a consideration of the height–length ratio

Reinforced concrete (RC) walls play an important role in resisting earthquakes, so understanding the lateral load-deformation response of an RC wall subjected to an axial load, shear, and moment is essential to nonlinear structural analysis. In this study, the moment-bending deformation response of an RC wall under an axial load and moment is obtained from moment–curvature analysis using the wall’s proper plastic hinge length. Furthermore, modified compression-field theory, adjusted according to the height–length ratio of the wall, is used to calculate the shear–shear deformation response of the wall under an axial load and shear. By integrating the moment-bending deformation and the shear–shear deformation responses, the lateral load-deformation response of the RC wall under axial load–moment–shear interaction can be reasonably determined. To confirm the reliability of the proposed method, experimental results for 67 RC walls are compared with analysis results from the proposed method. The statistical results show that the proposed method accurately predicts the lateral ultimate load but somewhat underestimates the lateral ultimate deformation. Finally, this paper gives an example using an equivalent column to simulate an RC wall using SAP2000 pushover analysis.     

不同因素影响下混凝土立柱爆破效果的模型试验研究

钢筋混凝土建（构）筑物爆破拆除过程中,混凝土立柱最终的破碎效果不仅与炸药单耗、孔网参数等有关,还与立柱的受力状态有关。为研究截面应力和单位面积炸药量对不同强度混凝土立柱破碎效果的影响,利用自主研制的力学试验系统进行了15组爆破试验,从碎块筛分和分形维数两方面分析爆破效果。结果表明:对于相同强度的试件,截面应力一定时,随着单位面积炸药量的增加,分形维数整体上不断递增;但单位面积炸药量超过0.18 kg/m²后,增势有所放缓,截面应力为2 MPa和4 MPa的立柱趋势变化最为明显。单位面积炸药量一定时,随着截面应力的增加,碎块分形维数不断增大,当单位面积炸药量小于0.15 kg/m²时,0~2 MPa之间的截面应力增加会对分形维数有一定的抑制作用;当单位面积炸药量大于0.15 kg/m²时,截面应力的增加对分形维数起到促进作用。可为拆除爆破中的参数设计及优化提供理论依据,达到了控制爆破危害、改善爆破效果的目的。     

三相反应器的气含率与液速分布和数值模拟

研究了一定操作条件下的气液固三相鼓泡床反应器的气含率和液体轴向速度分布,讨论了气、液表观速度对气含率和液体轴向速度分布的影响,比较了三相与两相鼓泡床中气含率和液体轴向速度分布,用拟两相的双流体模型计算了三相鼓泡床中的气含率和液体轴向速度．结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果一致．     

《交换空间》栏目引导新的家装理念浅析

本文通过表述传播学五大要素在《交换空间》栏目中的体现,主要介绍了家装从规划设计到具体实施的整个过程在《交换空间》栏目中的体现,分析了《交换空间》作为一种具体的可实施性强的节目对家庭装饰装修理念新的诠释。     

Hypercolumn-array based image representation and its application to shape-based object detection

Biological and psychological evidence increasingly reveals that high-level geometrical and topological features are the keys to shape-based object recognition in the brain. Attracted by the excellent performance of neural visual systems, we simulate the mechanism of hypercolumns in the mammalian cortical area V1 that selectively responds to oriented bar stimuli. We design an orderly-arranged hypercolumn array to extract and represent linear or near-linear stimuli in an image. Each unit of this array covers stimuli of various orientations in a small area, and multiple units together produce a low-dimensional vector to describe shape. Based on the neighborhood of units in the array, we construct a graph whose node represents a short line segment with a certain position and slope. Therefore, a contour segment in the image can be represented with a route in this graph. The graph converts an image, comprised of typically unstructured raw data, into structured and semantic-enriched data. We search along the routes in the graph and compare them with a shape template for object detection. The graph greatly upgrades the level of image representation, remarkably reduces the load of combinations, significantly improves the efficiency of object searching, and facilitates the intervening of high-level knowledge. This work provides a systematic infrastructure for shape-based object recognition.     

模糊自调整PID的精馏塔参考模型解耦控制研究

一个现代化的化工企业,精馏塔生产装置种类和数目为数众多,生产目的也多种多样。精馏塔控制方法的改良可以引起显著经济效益的变化,同时可以使生产过程更加节能环保,因此,化工企业存在着精馏过程控制算法的改良问题。精馏过程约占工业总能耗的1/3,其节能控制潜力很大。精馏塔温度控制系统是典型的多输入多输出耦合系统。针对多输入多输出耦合系统,为使其解耦控制与主回路控制达到相互独立,本文在分析与总结模糊逻辑、PID控制等优点的基础上,设计了一种参数自调整模糊PID控制器,并将其与多变量参考模型解耦控制方法结合,实现了精馏塔温度控制系统的解耦控制。参考模型回路由控制器和被控对象的模型两部分组成。模糊PID解耦控制器的引入,使控制与解耦功能分别由2个不同的控制器独立完成,最后将该算法应用于化工精馏塔温度控制模型中。由仿真结果可知,本文方法可以使实际输出结果很好的跟踪目标结果,从仿真图可得出,该方法可以较好的实现动态和静态解耦,解耦控制效果比较理想。进而可以将该方法用于实际的化工生产过程中,具有一定的实用价值。     

梯形波脉冲筛板萃取柱传质性能

本文以UO_2(NO_3)_2—30％TBP(KO)为实验体系,进行了梯形波脉冲筛板柱传质性能的研究。实验中测量了两组分的两相稳态浓度剖面共13组,以扩散模型为基础,求得了梯形波脉冲柱的“真实”传质单元高度HTU_(ox),分散单元高度HDU及表观传质单元高度HTU_(oxp)。通过对实验结果进行分析,选择出了适于本实验体系的较好的操作条件。     

天然土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)迁移的影响

以石英砂为填充介质,采用动态柱实验方法研究了某中低放处置场地表土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)在石英砂柱中迁移行为的影响,并结合静态批式实验探究了土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)迁移的影响机制。结果表明,当U(Ⅵ)进样质量浓度从1.0 mg/L增大至5.0 mg/L时,U(Ⅵ)在石英砂柱中的穿透速率显著增大,且达到洗脱平衡时所需淋洗液的体积从250 PVs（孔隙体积）增大至400 PVs。与U(Ⅵ)相比,土壤胶体在石英砂柱内迁移较快,这可能是由于土壤胶体与石英砂之间相互作用较弱所致。土壤胶体与U(Ⅵ)共存体系中,U(Ⅵ)的迁移速率明显增大,而土壤胶体迁移速率无显著变化,表明共存体系中U(Ⅵ)的迁移行为主要受土壤胶体所控制。静态吸附实验表明,在石英砂-U(Ⅵ)二元体系中,pH≈6.0时石英砂对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率最大,而在胶体-石英砂-U(Ⅵ)三元体系中,U(Ⅵ)主要在土壤胶体表面发生吸附。本研究所用土壤中胶体的质量分数仅约占0.04%,但可吸附20%U(Ⅵ)（初始质量浓度为5.0 mg/L）;由此可见,土壤胶体可与U(Ⅵ)发生强的相互作用,进而对U(Ⅵ)在真实环境体系中的吸附、迁移和扩散等行为产生至关重要的影响。     

Numerical analysis of seepage flow characteristic of collapse column under the influence of mining

Based on the importance of fractured rock mass seepage research, in order to analyze seepage flow characteristics of collapse column under the influence of mining, a method by embedding fractured rock mass flow solid coupling relationship into FLAC^3D internal flow models is presented according to fluid–solid coupling theory and strength criterion. A calculation model of numerical analysis was established, and the influences of mining pressure and plastic damage to pore water pressure and seepage vector change rule were studied. The results show that collapse column is the main channel of confined water seepage upward. The impact is not big when the workface is away from the collapse column. But when the workface is nearing a collapse column, there will be a seepage channel on a side near the workface, in which seepage vector and head are comparatively large. With workface pushing through collapse column, the seepage channel transfers to the other side of the column. In addition, when the plastic damage area within the collapse column breaks through, a “pipeline flow” will be formed within the column, and seepage field will change remarkably and the possibility of water bursting will be greater.