纸袋纸综合强度与使用性能关系的探讨

引述了国内外有关纸袋纸（袋） 的物理强度与其使用性能关系的资料， 经过对比分析， 提出了采用综合强度来评价纸袋纸（袋） 使用性能的计算公式； 同时通过验证， 说明了按该公式计算的综合强度与其耐摔次数存在着密切的相关性（γ＝０－９３～０－９９）。     

The Gyricon rotating ball display

Abstract— The Gyricon display consists of hemispherical black and white (bichromal) balls contained in individual liquid-filled cavities and disposed to orient in an electrical field. This bistable reflective light display currently has a diffuse reflectance of more than 18% and a contrast ratio of more than 6:1. The viewing angle approaches that of paper. A new method of fabricating the bichromal balls has enabled practical realization of large-area high-quality displays.     

A STUDY OF VACUUM FREEZE-DRYING OF FROZEN WET PAPERS

Vacuum freeze-drying of frozen wet papers was investigated experimentally. A freeze-drying facility was built to study the process by monitoring the various physical parameters (pressure, sample temperature, heater temperature, water content of the sample and cold panel temperature). A simple phenomenological model was developed to explain experimental results. The values of the physical parameters were optimized to make the process cost effective.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GAS-FIRED INFRARED DRYING OF PAPER

Infrared heating/drying of paper is becoming very common in industry. However, there is a lack of fundamental information explaining the transport phenomena occurring within a paper sheet due to energy supplied by a gas-fired infrared emitter. This experimental study provides basic drying and temperature data for moist paper exposed to gas-fired infrared radiation energy. Two paper types, linerboard and bleached, at three basis weight levels, are used in this study.     

Stepwise optimisation of enzyme production in solid state fermentation of waste bread pieces

When it is not consumed, bread presents a major source of food waste, both in terms of the amount and its economic value. However, bread also possesses the characteristics of an ideal substrate for solid state fermentation. Yet nearly all wasted bread ends up in landfill sites, where it is converted into methane by anaerobic digestion. Governments are finally taking action and, according to the EU Landfill Directive, for example, biodegradable municipal waste disposed into landfills must be decreased to 35% of 1995 levels, by 2020. Solid state fermentation of waste bread for the production of value added products is a novel idea, which could help with the achievement of this target. In this study, glucoamylase and protease production from waste bread pieces, via solid state fermentation, was investigated in detail. The optimum fermentation conditions for enzyme production were evaluated as, 20 mm particle size, 1.8 (w/w, db) initial moisture ratio, and duration of 144 h. Under these conditions, glucoamylase and protease activities reached up to 114.0 and 83.2 U/g bread (db), respectively. This study confirms that waste bread could be successfully utilised as a primary raw material in cereal based biorefineries.     

Influence of Viscoelastic Behavior on Curl of Paper

The influence of viscoelastic stress relaxation on the curlresponse of paper subjected to transient humidity changes wasinvestigated numerically and experimentally. We considered asymmetrictwo-ply paper sheets consisting of low (L) and high (H) anisotropy pliesbonded together. Experiments were conducted at room temperature atvarious constant relative humidities (RH) to obtain the mechanicalproperties, moisture content, moisture expansion coefficients, andstress relation curves of the constituent plies. The time-dependent curlresponse of an unconstrained sheet was analyzed using finite-elementanalysis. Geometrically linear analysis predicted a double curvatureshape of the sheets while geometrically nonlinear analysis predicted acylindrical (single-curvature) shape with the axis in the direction ofthe major stiffness (MD). The analysis revealed that viscoelasticity haslittle influence on curling in dry conditions. With increased humidity,the moisture absorbed softens the material, reduces the relaxation time,and the curvature response becomes highly viscoelastic. Predictedtime-dependent curvature response was in reasonable agreement withexperimental measurements, although it was observed that the analysisunderpredicted the curvature change during the increasing phase of themoisture loading. Such a deviation is attributed to the assumption ofuniform through-thickness distribution of moisture in the analysis.     

赴日考察热敏纸增感剂—四甲基二苯乙烷及国内动态

围绕热敏纸增感剂--四甲基二苯乙烷产品状况,结合赴日考察日本旭电化株式会社的情况,简单介绍该产品性能、用途及市场前景等.     

利用废旧双基药制备工业浆状炸药的研究

以双芳－３为对象研究了废旧双基发射药制备工业浆状炸药的配方及其性能，提出了利用废旧双基药的合理途径。     

处理废碱液中硫化物和有机物的方法研究

本文主要研究用化学催化氧化和光学氧化相结合的方法处理废碱液中所含的高浓度硫化物和有机物 ,并研究各影响因素的作用情况。实验结果表明 ,硫化物的转化率随反应温度升高、反应时间的延长而增大 ;而且当反应温度 6 0℃ ,曝气量 0 6m3 /h、Mn2 初始浓度 15mg/L、反应时间 90min时 ,硫化物的转化率为 95 3%。COD的去除率随反应时间的延长而增大 ;反应时间 15 0min时 ,COD的去除率即可达到6 5 2 %     

Mechanical,optical, and electrical properties of cellulosic semiconductor nanocomposites

Photoluminescent cellulose fibers were prepared by impregnation of bleached bagasse pulp with the different cadmium and zinc sulfides nanostructures, namely, CdS, ZnS, CdS/ZnS, ZnS/CdS (Core/shell nanostructures), CdS/ZnS/CdS and ZnS/CdS/ZnS multilayered nanostructures. The prepared cellulosic nanocomposites were characterized regarding strength properties (tensile strength, tensile energy absorption, and burst resistance), optical properties (fluorescence emission), thermal stability, and dielectric properties. The strength properties of paper sheets nanocomposites impregnated with different nanoparticles solutions were noticeably decreased in spite of the very low loading of the fibers with the semiconductor nanoparticles. The decrease in tensile index, tensile energy absorption, and burst index of paper sheets nanocomposites are found to be ranged from 12–27, 13–36, and 11–38 %, respectively. The different paper sheets nanocomposites showed fluorescence emission different from the as prepared polyethyleneimine‐stabilized nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that: the semiconductor nanoparticles did not affect the onset degradation temperature of cellulosic fibers but it caused faster termination of the main degradation step. The dielectric loss and the dc‐conductivity of cellulosic fibers increased as a result of impregnating the fibers. The nature of the nanoparticles and the properties of the interphases strongly influenced the dielectric properties of the cellulosic/semiconductors nanocomposites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010