Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the extraction of chelated copper(II) anions with Aliquat 336

The equilibrium and kinetics of solvent extraction of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions containing equimolar EDTA with Aliquat 336 in n‐decanol and kerosene at 298 K were investigated. The concentrations of Cu²⁺ (8–50 mol m^?3), Cl^? (5–60 mol m^?3), and Aliquat 336 (20–100 mol m^?3) were varied. A semi‐empirical model with three parameters was proposed to describe the equilibrium behavior, in which the non‐idealities in both aqueous and organic phases were considered. Over the ranges studied, the model agreed reasonably well with the experimental data (standard deviation, 15%). The forward and backward reaction rate constants were determined as (5.31 ± 0.16)×10^?6 m^9/4 mol^?3/4 s^?1 and (2.62 ± 0.09)×10^?7 s^?1, respectively, at 298 K. An interfacial reaction mechanism was proposed, which revealed that the reaction between the chelated anions and trimeric amine molecules at the interface was rate limiting. The derived rate laws were consistent with the experimental results. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

含氮大分子吸附剂的制备及其对Cd(II)的吸附

利用三聚氯氰的温度梯度反应活性,在较低温度下,用多乙烯多胺与三聚氯氰进行亲核取代反应,合成出一种以三嗪环为连接点的不溶含氮大分子颗粒吸附剂(N-MGA),并将其用于去除水体中的Cd(Ⅱ).通过元素分析、FTIR和SEM对N-MGA进行表征,同时对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附进行吸附动力学、等温吸附模型拟合和吸附机理进行研究,考察了溶液pH对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响、吸附剂的吸附-解吸再生循环性能及结构稳定性.结果表明,该吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理是利用吸附剂氨基上氮的孤对电子与Cd(Ⅱ)的配位络合作用进行吸附,且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型,最大吸附量可达539.1 mg/g,且对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附较为容易,吸附能力较强;在Cd(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为3636.5和70.0 mg/L时,对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附率分别可达97.5％和99.9％,且10次吸附-解吸再生循环中吸附率维持在97.0％～98.2％,解吸率均在97.6％以上,吸附剂回收率均在92.0％以上.     

基于STM32的逐阳帆控制系统设计

针对传统太阳能跟踪系统现场调试复杂、可靠性不够高的问题,提出一种基于STM32的太阳能跟踪系统设计。该系统为单轴跟踪系统,通过获取太阳能板的地理位置和当前时间信息用一定算法算出太阳的方位角,驱动电机,实现对太阳的跟踪;采用基于Zig Bee技术的无线通讯系统,具有群簇控制能力,简化现场调试过程;通过Mod Bus协议实现控制系统信息上报,便于后台管理;提供多种工作模式,提高系统的抗风、抗雪性能;通过在控制芯片片内Flash写入备份程序,保证系统主程序出现问题后,系统跳转至备份程序继续运行,提高系统的可靠性。在实际现场应用中,该系统具有系统运行稳定、升级维护方便、使用寿命长的特点。     

双资源批量生产柔性作业车间多目标调度方法

针对双资源批量生产柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了一种多目标精细化调度方法。针对双资源批量生产柔性作业车间多目标调度问题特点,建立了一类以制造成本最低和完工时间最短为优化目标的双资源等量分批柔性作业车间调度多目标优化模型;提出了5种双资源批量生产柔性作业车间精细化调度技术;针对模型提出并设计了一种改进的NSGA II算法。通过案例分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

Effectiveness of Security Control Risk Assessments for Enterprises: Assess on the Business Perspective of Security Risks

ABSTRACT

Today's businesses being IT enabled, the complexity of risks affecting the business has increased manifold and the need to gauge the Information Technology risks acting on the business operations has become paramount. The business managers who run business operations need to operate securely and seamlessly leveraging Information Technology and ability to recover and resume the business without any loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability of business information/data in any event of a security incident.

There is a need to quantify the impact of the IT security risk on the critical business processes, and provide the business-level insight at the management level. It is critical to classifying the Risk Ratings as per the impact on the business operations. This approach allows the organizations to understand and prioritize the security risk management activities that make the most sense for their organization to secure the business operations instead of trying to protect against every conceivable threat.     

锦屏二级水电站3#引水隧洞有盖重防渗固结灌浆试验

本文介绍了锦屏二级水电站3#引水隧洞有盖重防渗固结灌浆试验的施工方法和试验参数。通过防渗固结灌浆试验,总结出在灌浆施工中应及时采集的相关信息和采取的施工工艺,既保证了施工质量又保证了施工速度     

基于Nios II软核处理器的SD卡接口设计

随着FPGA的低成本化和整合资源的不断增强,FPGA在整个嵌入式市场中的份额在不断增加。基于FPGA的NiosII软核以其高度的设计灵活性和完全可定制性在现今电子产品设计及工业控制中扮演着重要的角色。此外,以SD卡为代表的大容量存储卡成为消费电子类产品最重要的存储媒体。基于NiosII软核处理器来读写SD卡的接口设计在诸多电子系统中的使用也愈来愈多。文中给出了基于NiosII软核处理器的SD卡接口设计方案,并介绍了NiosII的驱动架构,给出SD存储卡在NiosII软核上的驱动程序设计。     

适用于鱼肉中氯霉素检测的抗体包被金磁纳米微粒修饰安培免疫传感器研究

研制了基于氯霉素抗体包被Fe3O4/Au金磁纳米微粒(GMP)和三乙撑四胺铜(II)(CuL)共固定修饰平面热解石墨电极的安培免疫传感器(PRG|CuL / anti CAP-GMP),用于测定鱼肉中CAP含量.该免疫传感器是利用外加磁场,将anti CAP-GMP吸引到CuL修饰的PRG电极(PRG|CuL)表面制备而成.CuL对H2O2还原具有良好的电催化能力,当该传感器在含CAP样品液中温育后,CAP与电极表面的anti CAP的免疫结合物导致CuL对H2O2的催化还原电流(I)降低,电流下降值(△I)和CAP浓度成正比,可用于CAP定量测定.在25℃的pH=6.5磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中温育30 min,该传感器对CAP的检测线性范围为0.6~110 ng/mL,检出下限为0.092 ng/mL(3σ法).应用于鱼肉中CAP检测并与传统的液相色谱法(HPLC)比较,结果一致,其添加回收率在97%~104%之间.该免疫传感器集分离、富集为一体,电极表面可更新,检测灵敏快速,对于水产品中痕量氯霉素分析提供了一种新颖的方法.     

Long‐term effects of angiotensin II blockade with irbesartan on inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (SAFIR study)

Introduction: Low‐grade chronic inflammation is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Previous studies suggest an anti‐inflammatory effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ARB vs. placebo on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in HD patients. Methods: Adult HD patients were randomized for double‐blind treatment with the ARB irbesartan 150–300 mg/day or placebo. At baseline, 1 week, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months plasma high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)?1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐18, and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) were measured using Luminex and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology. Findings: Eighty‐two patients were randomized (placebo/ARB: 41/41). The groups did not differ in initial levels of any of the inflammatory markers (placebo/ARB median(range)): hsCRP 3.3(0.2–23.4)/2.7(0.2–29.6) μg/mL; IL‐1β 1.1(0.0–45.9)/1.1(0.0‐7.2) pg/mL; IL‐6 10(1–90)/12(1–84) pg/mL; IL‐8 31(9–134)/34(5–192) pg/mL; IL‐18 364(188–1343)/377(213–832) pg/mL; TGF‐β 3.2(0.8–13.9)/3.6(1.3–3.8) ng/mL. Overall, there was no significant difference in hsCRP, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β between placebo and ARB‐treated patients during the study period, and hsCRP, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β were relatively stable during the study period (P ≥ 0.18 in all tests for parallel curves, equal levels, and constant levels). The IL‐1β level was slightly different in the two groups over time, but not significantly (P = 0.09 in test for parallel curves) and it was also relatively stable during the study period (P ≥ 0.49 in tests for equal levels and constant level). IL‐18 was the only inflammatory marker which was not constant during the study period (P = 0.001 in test for constant level), but there was no significant difference between placebo and ARB‐treated (P ≥ 0.51 in tests for parallel curves and equal levels). Discussion: Inflammatory biomarkers were neither acutely, nor in the long‐term significantly affected by the ARB irbesartan. Our findings suggest that ARB treatment in HD patients does not offer protective anti‐inflammatory effects.     

An investigation of T‐stresses in a plate with an inclined crack under biaxial loadings

For plates with an inclined crack of wide‐range aspect ratios under biaxial loadings, T‐stress values are calculated with three‐dimensional finite element method. The results show that the normalized T‐stress is crack length and orientation dependent. A linear equation for the relationship between normalized T‐stresses and biaxility factors is proposed to describe the normalized T‐stresses for different crack lengths and crack angles under different biaxial loadings, which is more convenient and involves wider biaxility ratios compared with the existing solutions. The plate thickness effect and the trend of normalized T‐stresses along the crack front thickness are also studied for mode I and I–II mixed‐mode cracks. Based on the analyses and comparisons, it is necessary to take the thickness effect into consideration when the crack length is long enough (a/W = 7/10). When the component of mode II is significant (β > 45°), and the biaxility ratios are negative, T‐stresses near the free surface are lower than those at other positions, which are the opposite of mode I crack and most of I–II mixed‐mode crack.