Evaluation of high- temperature behavior of CMSX4 + yttrium single- crystal nickel- base superalloy

CMSX4 + Y, a highly strengthened rhenium-containing second-generation single-crystal nickel-base su-peralloy, has been studied by creep, low-cycle, and thermomechanical fatigue in the temperature range 500 to 1100 °C. The alloy exhibits good high-temperature mechanical properties that are superior or com-parable to other single-crystal superalloys. Thermomechanical fatigue resistance is equivalent to low-cy-cle fatigue and is cycle-shape dependent. High-temperature mechanical properties have been studied using life prediction relationships that are frequently used for creep and low-cycle fatigue data evalu-ation. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed that fracture induced by creep damage is internal and starts from pore-initiated cracks; however, fatigue damage starts on the external surface and propagates inward in stage II mode.     

THERMODYNAMICS AND PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF Cu－Y－O，Cu－Y－S，Cu－Y－O－S LIQUID SOLUTIONS

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Effects of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobait-based alloy coatings deposited by plasma transferred arc process

Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of the cobait-based alloys were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that a cobalt-based solid solution with a face-centered cubic crystal structure was presented accompanied by the secondary phase M7C3 with a hexagonal crystal structure in the Y2O3-free cobalt-based alloy coating. Several stacking faults exist in the cobalt-based solid solution. The addition of Y2O3 leads to the existence of the Y2O3 phase in the Y2O3-modified coatings. Though stacking fault exists in the Y2O3-modified coatings, its density increases. The addition of Y2O3 can refine the microstructure and can increase the wear resistance properties when its contents are less than or equal to 0.8 wt.%. However, further increase of its contents will lead to the agglomeration of undissolved Y2O3 particles at the γ-Co grain boundary, and will lead to a coarse microstructure and lower wear resistance properties.     

压力传感器在线状态监测装置研发

目前煤炭输送皮带采用双托辊(2个传感器)或四托辊(4个传感器)并采取传感器输出信号并联方法,以此提高皮带秤的准确性和稳定性.然而该并联方法无法对传感器进行独立采集,同时影响了传感器的故障判断.采用MSC1210Y5单片机和信号分离器,设计并联称重传感器系统的压力传感器状态在线监测装置,实现多个压力传感器并联应用时的独立采集;设计压力传感器在线状态比对算法,将不断变化的称重累计量转换为定量值,解决称重累计量为变量而无法准确在线监测的技术弊端.测试结果表明该装置较好地满足了压力传感器独立采集的要求,为称重计量装置等集中监控提供有效手段.     

固体电解质电位型CO气体传感器的研究

以NASICON(钠超离子导体)固体电解质为离子导电层,Y2O3为敏感电极研制了一种用于测定CO的电化学气体传感器.结果表明,器件对(5～50)×10-6范围内的CO具有较好的敏感特性.在400℃下,器件对CO的灵敏度为-45 mV/decade.并且器件对CO具有较高的选择性和良好的响应恢复特性.     

Electronic Raman scattering of superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy single crystals

TheA _1g andB _1g low-energy Raman continua of YBa₂Cu₃O _y (Y123) single crystals, withy=7.0, 6.99, and 6.93, have been investigated. It is found that the peak frequency of theA _1g continuum is equal to 310±10 cm^–1 and independent of oxygen concentration fory in the above range. The central frequency of the broad peak in theB _1g continuum, however, shifts from about 470 cm^–1 fory7.0 to 550 cm^–1 fory6.93. Thus, a relatively small change in oxygen concentration results in a significant redistribution of the states contributing to theB _1g continuum. Assuming the low-energy portions of the continua are electronic in origin, the Raman spectra have been calculated and the results compared to the experimental spectra. It is suggested that the Raman continua arise, at least in part, from scattering across a spin fluctuation-induced pseudogap.     

Reducing Hysteresis and Enhancing Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low‐Temperature Processed Y‐Doped SnO2 Nanosheets as Electron Selective Layers

Despite the rapid increase of efficiency, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still face some challenges, one of which is the current–voltage hysteresis. Herein, it is reported that yttrium‐doped tin dioxide (Y‐SnO₂) electron selective layer (ESL) synthesized by an in situ hydrothermal growth process at 95 °C can significantly reduce the hysteresis and improve the performance of PSCs. Comparison studies reveal two main effects of Y doping of SnO₂ ESLs: (1) it promotes the formation of well‐aligned and more homogeneous distribution of SnO₂ nanosheet arrays (NSAs), which allows better perovskite infiltration, better contacts of perovskite with SnO₂ nanosheets, and improves electron transfer from perovskite to ESL; (2) it enlarges the band gap and upshifts the band energy levels, resulting in better energy level alignment with perovskite and reduced charge recombination at NSA/perovskite interfaces. As a result, PSCs using Y‐SnO₂ NSA ESLs exhibit much less hysteresis and better performance compared with the cells using pristine SnO₂ NSA ESLs. The champion cell using Y‐SnO₂ NSA ESL achieves a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 17.29% (16.97%) when measured under reverse (forward) voltage scanning and a steady‐state efficiency of 16.25%. The results suggest that low‐temperature hydrothermal‐synthesized Y‐SnO₂ NSA is a promising ESL for fabricating efficient and hysteresis‐less PSC.     

钇硅酸盐材料力学性能的第一性原理研究

为深入研究C_f/SiC复合材料钇硅酸盐涂层材料Y_2SiO_5与Y_2Si_2O_7的力学性能,为钇硅酸盐涂层体系的设计提供理论依据,基于第一性原理广义梯度近似,研究钇硅酸盐理想晶体X1-Y_2SiO_5和γ-Y_2Si_2O_7的电子结构、力学性能。结果表明:X1-Y_2SiO_5和γ-Y_2Si_2O_7均为机械稳定结构,X1-Y_2SiO_5与γ-Y_2Si_2O_7的体模量、剪切模量、弹性模量、泊松比分别为112,49,128GPa,0.31和114,55,142GPa,0.29。可见X1-Y_2SiO_5的模量较γ-Y_2Si_2O_7低。同时研究二者理想晶体的韧性、热膨胀系数、残余应力。结果表明:X1-Y_2SiO_5韧性较γ-Y_2Si_2O_7好,热膨胀系数较γ-Y_2Si_2O_7高,残余应力较γ-Y_2Si_2O_7低。     

(Gd,Y)相对GW103K时效合金局部腐蚀的影响

对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr(GW103K)合金进行193 h时效处理,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测块状和链状相的微观结构和腐蚀形貌,使用扫描开尔文探针显微镜(SKPFM)测试块状相和链状相与基体之间的相对电势差,研究了这些相对GW103K合金局部腐蚀的影响。结果表明：分布在晶内和晶界的单独块状相为Mg₂(Gd, Y)相,(Gd, Y)固溶体与Mg₂(Gd, Y)相交替排列形成链状相。(Gd, Y)固溶体和Mg₂(Gd, Y)相的相对电势均高于基体,与相邻基体形成微电池,(Gd, Y)固溶体和Mg₂(Gd, Y)相作为阴极促进了周围基体的腐蚀。尽管(Gd,Y)固溶体与基体之间的相对电势差更大,但是与基体的相界面为共格界面,界面能低、化学稳定性高,因此对基体腐蚀没有更强烈的影响。