LIQUID CO2 AND ETHANOL EXTRACTION OF HOPS PART III- EFFECT OF HOP DETERIORATION ON UTILISATION AND BEER QUALITY

The quality of beers bittered with liquid CO₂ and ethanol extracts derived from fresh and deteriorated hops and the percentage utilization of alpha-acids therefrom were comparable. The importance of using analytical methods which measure bitterness substances per se is emphasized.     

Characterization of plasma membrane H+-ATPase from salt-tolerant yeast Candida versatilis

Plasma membrane was isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast Candida versatilis and the ATPase in plasma membrane was characterized. The ATPase was a typical H⁺-ATPase with similar properties to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii enzymes. It was reacted with antibody (IgG) raised against S. cerevisiae plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase. The ATPase activity was not changed by adding NaCl and KCl to the assay solutions, but was increased by NH, especially by ammonium sulfate. In vivo stimulation of ATPase activity was observed by the addition of NaCl into the culture medium, as observed in Z. rouxii. No in vivo activation of H⁺-ATPase by glucose metabolism was observed in C. versatilis cells and the activity was independent of the growth phase, like Z. rouxii and unlike S. cerevisiae cells.     

FERMENTATION OF WORTS MADE FROM 100% RAW SORGHUM AND ENZYMES

Worts made from raw sorghum and enzymes were successfully fermented even though the level of FAN present (51 mg/l) is well below that essential for fermentation of wort made from malted barley. Changes in typical fermentation parameters such as specific gravity, pH uptake of free amino nitrogen (FAN) and ammonium ions mirrored the increase in yeast cell concentration. Yeast viability remained high throughout the fermentation. Under identical fermentation conditions, malted barley worts showed typical fermentation profiles. However, malted barley worts with specific gravity maintained by the addition of D-glucose, but in which the FAN was diluted to a level similar to that found in a wort made from sorghum and enzymes, fermented more slowly and failed to attenuate fully. Five consecutive fermentations, using yeast cropped from the preceding to pitch the current fermentation were conducted. The specific gravity profiles were essentially the same in all five fermentations. Final values of pH, yeast in suspension, yeast viability and FAN were also indistinguishable. The yeast crop taken from fermentations of worts made from raw sorghum and enzymes represented a 5-fold increase over the initial pitching rate. When compared to commercial beers, the beers derived from fermentation of worts made from raw sorghum and enzymes contained lower levels of ethyl acetate, and higher levels of both 2- and 3-methyl butanol. In the beers derived from sorghum, isobutanol was always less than 20% of the total higher alcohol concentration.     

葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚抑制高氧气调包装牛肉饼的提前褐变现象

肉类熟制过程中的提前褐变现象(Premature Browning,PMB)容易导致食品安全问题,高氧气调包装是导致该现象的一个主要因素。为抑制高氧气调包装牛肉饼的PMB现象,该研究向牛肉饼中添加葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚两种天然抗氧化物,通过测定其p H值、生鲜肉色和熟制肉色、脂肪氧化值、菌落总数和感官品质等指标,研究其对牛肉饼PMB现象的抑制作用。研究表明,添加0.1 g/kg的葡萄籽提取物或0.1 g/kg茶多酚可以显著降低肉饼贮藏过程中的脂质氧化,提高生肉饼的肉色稳定性。在贮藏第6 d时,添加葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚能将肉饼脂质氧化值由对照组的8.98mgMDA/kg分别降低至5.62mgMDA/kg和5.79mgMDA/kg(p<0.05),并使肉饼在中心温度66℃时的中心a*值显著高于其72℃的中心a^*值(p<0.05),对高氧气调包装条件下肉饼的PMB有显著的抑制效果。同时,两种天然抗氧化物对肉饼的感官品质无负面作用。因此,生产中可以通过添加0.1 g/kg葡萄籽提取物或0.1 g/kg茶多酚来抑制高氧气调包装肉饼的PMB,提高食品安全性。     

印刷电路板缺陷检测的实际应用

电路板在我们的日常生活中非常常见,这就使得印刷电路板的缺陷检测显得尤为重要.AOI作为新兴的检测PCB板缺陷的系统,在生产实际中正在被大家熟知并且应用.相较于传统的检测方式,AOI系统比较灵活,无论是在检测时间还是系统运算上,或者是对相关技术人员的要求相较于传统方式都比较有优势,本文就AOI系统在实际中的应用展开讨论,...     

基于组合特征的声目标模糊模式识别方法研究

目的 :研究战场上强不确定背景条件下声目标的自动识别问题 ;方法 :采用基于模糊综合评判的最大隶属原则分类器来实现对战场声目标的自动识别分类 ;结果 :实测的四种车辆信号样本检验表明 :该方法对四种车辆声信号具有良好的识别分类效果 ;结论 :利用基于模糊综合评判的最大隶属原则分类器来实现对战场声目标的自动识别分类是可行的。     

MOSFET模型＆参数提取

器件模型及参数作为工艺和设计之间的接口，对保证集成电路设计的投片成功具有决定意义。本文介绍了电路模拟中常用的几种MOSFET模型，并着重探讨了使用自动参数提取软件提取一套准确的模型参数的具体工作步骤。     

数据仓库技术在银行信贷管理信息系统中的应用

总结了中国建设银行信贷管理信息系统的建设经验 ,对数据仓库在银行信贷管理信息系统中的应用从多方面进行了论述。将建设银行信贷信息业务数据收集到业务数据库并进行数据抽取到数据仓库中 ,再应用BO等数据分析工具 ,进行灵活的分析统计和钻取 ,成功地解决了信贷管理中的分析统计的实际问题     

基于ZCPA参数的语音情感识别研究

主要讨论了情感语音特征参数的提取、语音情感的分类、语音资料的获取和应用连续隐马可夫模型进行情感识别等,重点比较了ZCPA特征参数和传统特征参数在不同噪声环境下的识别率,实验表明,在不同的噪声环境下,采用ZCPA特征的语音情感的识别效果较好,识别率也没有明显的下降。     

基于卡口上下文和深度置信网络的车辆轨迹预测模型研究

针对车辆轨迹预测中节点序列的时序特性和实际路网中的空间关联性,该文提出一种基于深度置信网络和SoftMax (DBN-SoftMax)轨迹预测方法.首先,考虑到轨迹在节点集合中的强稀疏性和一般特征学习方法对新特征的泛化能力不足,该文利用深度置信网络(DBN)较强的无监督特征学习能力,达到提取轨迹局部空间特性的目的;然后,针对轨迹的时序特性,该文采用逻辑回归的预测思路,用当前轨迹集在路网特征空间中的线性组合来预测轨迹;最后,结合自然语言处理领域中的词嵌入的思想,基于实际轨迹中节点存在的上下文关系,运用节点的向量集表征了节点间的交通时空关系.实验结果表明该模型不仅能够有效地提取轨迹特征,并且在拓扑结构复杂的路网中也能得到较好的预测结果.