黄河水滴灌系统灌水器结构-泥沙淤积-堵塞行为的相关关系研究

传统的黄河水沉淀-过滤系统存在沉沙池建设成本高、过滤器频繁反冲洗能耗高等问题,让更多的细颗粒泥沙随水流排出灌水器体外是解决黄河水滴灌系统灌水器堵塞的新思路,而摸清泥沙在黄河水滴灌系统内部的淤积特性以及灌水器结构-淤积泥沙特性-堵塞特性参数间的相关关系是探索其排沙能力的前提和基础。为此,本文在河套灌区开展了黄河水滴灌系统灌水器堵塞原位试验,系统分析了6种内镶贴片式灌水器内部细颗粒泥沙含量及粒径分布动态变化特征,探索了三者间的级联关系。结果表明:进入灌水器内部的泥沙99%以上可以排出体外,淤积在灌水器内部的泥沙以粉粒为主、砂粒次之、黏粒最少。随着灌水器堵塞加剧,内部淤积泥沙的黏粒、粉粒比例相对降低,而砂粒比例相对增加,泥沙进入灌水器后存在聚集等行为,使得灌水器内部淤积泥沙粒径明显高于毛管入口。泥沙比表面积淤积量、粉粒比例、砂粒比例、D₅₀、D₉₅对黄河水滴灌系统Dra、克里斯琴森均匀系数CU影响显著(p<0.05),不同灌水器淤积泥沙粒径明显不同,D₅₀与灌水器结构无量纲参数(流道宽深比W/D、面积长度比A^1...     

数据挖掘技术在“数字黄河”工程建设中的应用

“数字黄河”旨在集成利用信息技术,构建面向黄河流域及其相关区域的自然、经济、社会等的数字集成平台,并在此基础上通过建立业务应用系统及数学模型系统形成模拟分析和研究黄河问题的虚拟环境。数据挖掘技术是从大量数据中发现并提取臆藏在其中的可信的、新颖的、有效的并能被人理解的模式的高级处理过程。通过数据挖掘发现的知识能够反映一定的客观事实,并指导实践。     

Surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed for pretreatment of micro-polluted Yellow River raw water in China

In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates（HLR）. The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m^3/（ m^2 · d） at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m^3/（ m^2 ·d） in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97% , 39. 86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources （GB3838 -2002） , mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4^＋ -N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, Grade Ⅴ, Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅰ , respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m^3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0. 17 RMB/m^3 , which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.     

万家寨水库上游新增二线黄河大桥防凌试验分析

主要从河道上新增建的准格尔二线黄河大桥对万家寨水库防凌的影响方向着手,试验研究了桥梁建成前后,新老桥上下游所形成冰坝的形态、冰坝壅冰壅水情况及其影响范围,通过沿程铺冰及是否增加岸冰进行对比分析,从而为修建新桥的合理性提供依据.     

海陆对比看南黄海海相中-古生界的生储盖组合特征

作为下扬子主体的南黄海盆地发育分布广泛、厚度大且较全的中-古生代海相地层,通过对比扬子陆域的烃源岩、储层及盖层特征,结合南黄海盆地近几年采集的地震剖面、钻井资料以及陆上野外露头资料,总结和分析了南黄海海相中-古生界的生储盖组合特征。南黄海海相地层发育下寒武统荷塘组/幕府山组、下志留统高家边组、下二叠统栖霞组和二叠系龙潭-大隆组4套烃源岩,对比扬子区陆域烃源岩特征,确定为较好的烃源岩。苏北-南黄海盆地储集层以碳酸盐岩为主,发育白云岩孔隙储层、礁滩相储层、风化壳储层和裂隙储层4种类型。研究认为南黄海发育扬子陆区已发现的典型油气藏的成藏层位,海相地层发育3套区域性的盖层和3套完整的生储盖组合,具有很好的油气远景。     

Capability of TMPA products to simulate streamflow in upper Yellow and Yangtze River basins on Tibetan Plateau

Due to the high elevation, complex terrain, severe weather, and inaccessibility, direct meteorological observations do not exist over large portions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially the western part of it. Satellite rainfall estimates have been very important sources for precipitation information, particularly in rain gauge-sparse regions. In this study, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis （TMPA） products 3B42, RTV5V6, and RTV7 were evaluated for their applicability to the upper Yellow and Yangtze River basins on the Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, the capability of the TMPA products to simulate streamflow was also investigated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity （VIC） semi-distributed hydrological model. Results show that 3B42 performs better than RTVSV6 and RTV7, based on verification of the China Meteorological Administration （CMA） observational precipitation data. RTVSV6 can roughly capture the spatial precipitation pattern but overestimation exists throughout the entire study region. The anticipated improvements of RTV7 relative to RTVSV6 have not been realized in this study. Our results suggest that RTV7 significantly overestimates the precipitation over the two river basins, though it can capture the seasonal cycle features of precipitation. 3B42 shows the best performance in streamflow simulation of the abovementioned satellite products. Although involved in gauge adjustment at a monthly scale, 3B42 is capable of daily streamflow simulation. RTV5V6 and RTV7 have no capability to simulate streamflow in the upper Yellow and Yangtze River basins.     

万家寨引黄工程北干线输水管基湿陷性特征研究

山西省万家寨引黄工程北干线输水管线大部分地段通过黄土地区,黄土地基的湿陷性已成为主要的工程地质问题。在湿陷性黄土地区进行工程建设,应查明黄土的工程特性,湿陷性质、厚度、成因及其分布变化,确定场地湿陷类型和地基湿陷等级,并按工程设计的特性需求,进行地基处理等研究是十分必要的。     

新水沙环境下的黄河三角洲湿地资源动态变化研究

利用1996年、2000年和2004年Landsat TM／ETM＋遥感影像,对黄河三角洲近年来的湿地资源动态变化进行了研究。研究表明：近年来黄河三角洲地区湿地资源是增加的,1996～2004年湿地总面积增加了22838．55hm^2,年平均增长率为2854．82hm^2／年。同时,对黄河三角洲湿地资源变化的原因进行了分析,分析表明：这种变化是黄河来水来沙减少和人工调水调沙的相互作用、农业开发和城市化建设等对湿地的破坏和有目的的湿地保护的相互作用、气候条件的变化等因素综合作用的结果。     

黄河大跨越铁塔承台大体积混凝土施工技术

在特高压1 000 kV 黄河大跨越施工中, 跨越塔N3 基础设4 个承台基础及连梁, 混凝土方量大。为满足高标准的要求, 决定采取不设施工缝、一次性浇注成形的方案。在施工中, 为避免水泥水化热、温度应力和混凝土的收缩变形产生有害裂缝, 制定了详细的技术措施和施工方案, 在原材料选用与配合比设计、混凝土供应与浇筑、混凝土内部温度检测与表面养护等方面采取了有效的措施, 取得了满意的效果。     

黄河水质与沿线城市社会适应能力耦合协调分析

通过建立黄河水质与社会适应能力评价指标体系,结合主成分分析法和熵权法,定量揭示2012-2019年黄河沿线11个城市的黄河水质与社会适应能力的演变趋势,并对两者的耦合协调发展态势进行了分析。结果表明：研究区内多数城市黄河水质多年平均状况良好,仅运城市和呼和浩特市河段水质较差,以营养物和有机物污染为主;多数城市社会适应能力呈波动上升趋势,运城市则稳定在最低水平,菏泽市次之,经济支撑薄弱是两城市低社会适应水平的主因;城市黄河水质与社会适应能力两系统整体处于良好耦合、中级协调状态,黄河水质整体上具备承载沿线城市经济社会发展的潜能,但社会适应能力系统应对黄河水环境恶化所能产生的社会修复稍有欠缺;菏泽市、呼和浩特市和银川市处于初级协调状态,运城市处于勉强协调状态,两系统间存在单向乃至双向约束。