Balancing Intermolecular Interactions between Acceptors and Donor/Acceptor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics

Promoted by uninterrupted materials and device innovation, organic solar cells have achieved impressive development. However, the complicated intermolecular interactions inside active layers are less understood. Herein, the intermolecular interactions are studied from the dual perspectives of acceptor/acceptor (A/A) and donor/acceptor (D/A), and how these interactions synergistically control the final efficiencies. Three small molecular acceptors (SMAs) are designed with different end-caps, which manipulate the crystallinity and electrostatic potential (ESP) distributions of acceptors, and accordingly, the A/A and D/A intermolecular interactions. The results show that SMA LA17 with low A/A interactions exhibits inferior performance around 12%, owing to its strong D/A interaction with donor PM6, which shapes too miscible morphology and increases charge recombination. Instead, LA16 with strong A/A interactions and moderate D/A interactions delivers improved bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) networks, and therefore, enhances charge transport and diminishes geminate or trap-assisted charge recombination. Consequently, PM6:LA16 records the competitive efficiency of up to 13.74% among the three systems. Therefore, this study deepens the synergistic or balancing effect of the D/A and A/A interactions on BHJ blends for efficient organic solar cells.     

Synergistic Effect of Excited State Property and Aggregation Characteristic of Organic Semiconductor on Efficient Hole-Transportation in Perovskite Device

Intrinsic characteristics of organic semiconductor-based hole transport materials (HTMs) such as facile synthesizability, energy level tunability, and charge transport capability have been highlighted as crucial factors determining the performances of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, their properties in the excited state have not been actively studied, although PVs are operated under solar illumination. Here, the characteristics of organic HTMs in their excited state such as transition dipole moment can be a decisive factor that can improve built-in potential of PVs, consequently enhancing their charge extraction property as well as reducing carrier recombination. Moreover, the aggregation property of organic semiconductors, which has been an essential factor for high-performance organic HTMs to improve their carrier transport property, can induce a synergistic effect with their excited state property for the high-efficiency perovskite PVs. Additionally, it is also confirmed that their optical bandgaps, manipulated to have their absorption in the UV region, are beneficial to block UV light that degrades the quality of perovskite, consequently improving the stability of perovskite PV in p–i–n configuration. As a proof-of-concept, a model system, composed of triarylamine and imidazole-based organic HTMs, is designed, and it is believed that this strategy paves a way toward high-performance and stable perovskite PV devices.     

基于Pekar类型变分法的高斯函数型限定势阱量子点中电子的跃迁

分别选取抛物线型限定势阱和高斯函数型限定势阱描写盘状量子点中电子的横向限定势和纵向限定势,采用Pekar类型变分法推导出了电子的基态和激发态能量,并基于费米黄金规则讨论了在磁场作用下电子的跃迁几率。结果表明,高斯函数型限定势阱比抛物线型限定势阱更能精准反映量子点中真实的限定势;量子点的厚度对电子跃迁几率的影响显著;电声耦合强度α、磁场的回旋频率ω_c、抛物线型限定势阱范围R_0、高斯函数型限定势阱的阱深V_0和阱宽L等对电子跃迁几率Q的影响的量度和变化规律方面差异较大。     

一种三电平电压型逆娈器空间矢量调制方法研究

本文基于冗余电压矢量的不同处理，提出一种三电平空间电压矢量调制模式，这种调制模式较之常见的八段对称式SVPWM具有明显的谐波和控制优势。为解决三电平逆变器中点波动问题，基于这种调制方法提出了一种新的中点电压平衡控制方法，这种方法只需直流电容电压和负载三相电流的信息，控制算法简便易行，有利于计算机数字化实现。所提出控制方法的有效性通过仿真和实验研究得到了证实。     

量子点接触中的自旋过滤特性

利用可调节自旋过滤器模型,首次计算并讨论了磁场和电子跃迁能量间隔变化对量子点接触结构中自旋电子过滤特性的影响。研究发现,磁场和电子跃迁能量间隔的变化引起了自旋电子隧穿概率和隧穿电导都呈现出量子台阶效应,磁场的增加使电子的回旋频率和电子的Zeeman能级分裂同时加强,从而导致量子点接触结构中的横向约束加强,而自旋过滤效应明显减弱;当磁场一定时,电子跃迁能量间隔越小,电子的自旋过滤效应越明显。电子跃迁能量间隔改变的同时,也改变了鞍形势的势垒形状和自旋过滤的灵敏度。对于不同的材料,同时考虑磁场和电子跃迁能量间隔的作用可以找到自旋过滤器的最佳过滤效果。尤为重要的是过滤器的结构可以用标准的电子束技术很容易得到,所以研究结论为设计新型自旋过滤器提供了理论依据,具有广阔的应用前景和潜在的商业价值。此外,使用朗道因子值较高的材料作自旋过滤器的衬底,可以进一步提高过滤器的性能。     

PFMEA在SMT装配中的应用研究

SMT装配过程涉及多个设备和多道工序,工艺流程多样,为了保证SMT产品的质量与可靠性,需要采用科学的方法研究SMT装配过程。文章将PFMEA这一可靠性研究工具引入SMT装配过程,简介PFMEA的应用流程,并以单面贴装工艺漉程为例,说明应用PFMEA研究SMT装配过程的实施方法。     

基于Cortex-M3的电池内阻检测系统设计与实现

以电池为能源的各类电气设备,在工业生产、交通、军事、通信等领域广泛应用,电池性能对电子、电气设备的正常运行具有极其重要的作用。电池在使用过程中,其性能和容量会随充放电次数的增加而下降,所以,定期维护及检验电池性能,是保证电器设备可靠工作的重要内容。电池内阻是检验电池性能和容量的重要参数,通过内阻检测评估电池性能和容量参数,也是科学研究和工业应用的基本原理。电池内阻测量的常用方法一般采用电位差原理。但是,该测量方法对于大型设备的高容量电池存在测量误差大、发热、易损电池等弊端。本文采用基于Cortex-M3核32位微处理微计算机控制和电位差原理的智能内阻测量系统,实现了大容量电池的精确、快速、安全测量和高度智能化的故障诊断功能,具有重要的科学研究意义及实用价值。     

海外援建类小型化卫星电视系统的发展——以乌兹别克输气管线项目为例

卫星电视系统对于距离城市较远的地方,例如矿山、气田等,是传递信息和丰富广大人民业余生活的重要渠道,并且还具有巨大的政治意义和宣传价值,该系统同样适用于很多较落后的第三世界国家或没有城市有线电视网的国家.在西气东输境外重点段乌兹别克C线段中,小型化卫星电视项目依托于全数字化的卫星电视接收,后端传输采用新型的信号切换方法.区别于原有楼宇大型的卫星电视系统,系统架构较为简单直接,信号流设计较为合理,施工难度较小,成本较低,在援建交付的三个站中反响良好,海外市场潜力巨大.     

论光缆线路防雷的思路

从光缆线路的固有特殊性以及光缆线路遭受雷击的机理出发,在以往电缆防雷取得理论和技术成果的基础上,论证了光缆线路上防雷及防强电技术,提出了有别于电缆防护技术的新思路,以及在各个环节上确保光缆ＰＥ护套的质量对防雷的有效性。     

带电粒子在超品格量子阱沟道中的准沟道辐射

引入正弦平方势,在经典力学框架内,把粒子的运动方程化为标准的摆方程.用Jacobian椭圆函数和椭圆积分解析地给出了系统的解和粒子运动周期,并从方程的旋转周期解出发讨论了带电粒子的准沟道辐射.将准沟道辐射和沟道辐射进行了比较,发现二者的主要差别在于准沟道粒子的横向速度的平均值不为零,而它的辐射能量在k~c=0.5时,比沟道辐射大2.4倍.

Abstract：

In the frame of the classical mechanics the motion equation of particles is reduced to the pendulum equation by using the sine-squared potential. The solution of the equation and the period of the particle motion are expressed exactly by means of Jacobian elliptic function and the elliptic integral. The quasi-channeling radiation of the charged particles is discussed based on the rotational periodic solution. From the comparison between quasi-channeling radiation and channeling radiation, it is found that their main difference is that the average transverse velocity of the quasi-channeling particles is not zero,and its radiation energy is 2.4 times more than that of the channeling radiation if k~c =0.5.