影响汽车车身磷化因素的探讨

探讨了汽车车身磷化处理工艺在实际生产中的影响因素:主要有磷化液的酸度和温度、磷化促进剂、工件材质和表面状态、磷化前的表面处理、酸洗等。分析了汽车车身磷化的常见缺陷,并给出了防治措施。     

The Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase Gene XTH22/TCH4 Regulates Plant Growth by Disrupting the Cell Wall Homeostasis in Arabidopsis under Boron Deficiency

TCH4 is a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family member. Extensive studies have shown that XTHs are very important in cell wall homeostasis for plant growth and development. Boron (B), as an essential micronutrient for plants, plays an essential role in the cross-linking of cell wall pectin. However, the effect of B on cell wall organization is unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of plant adaption to B stress by investigating the role of TCH4 in cell wall homeostasis. We conducted both plate and hydroponic cultures of wild-type Col-0 and overexpression and gene knockout lines of XTH22/TCH4 to analyze the phenotype, components, and characteristics of the cell wall using immunofluorescence, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). B deficiency induces the expression of TCH4. The overexpression lines of TCH4 presented more sensitivity to B deficiency than the wild-type Col-0, while the knockout lines of TCH4 were more resistant to low B stress. Up-regulation of TCH4 influenced the ratio of chelator-soluble pectin to alkali-soluble pectin and decreased the degree of methylesterification of pectin under B-deficient conditions. Moreover, we found that B deficiency disturbed the arrangement of cellulose, enlarged the gap between cellulose microfibrils, and decreased the mechanical strength of the cell wall, leading to the formation of a thickened and deformed triangular region of the cell wall. These symptoms were more profound in the TCH4 overexpression lines. Consistently, compared with Col-0, the O₂⁻ and MDA contents in the TCH4 overexpression lines increased under B-deficient conditions. This study identified the B-deficiency-induced TCH4 gene, which regulates cell wall homeostasis to influence plant growth under B-deficient conditions.     

Failure of high power varistor ceramic components

Ceramic varistors are electronic components which have a sharp change (over several orders of magnitude) of their electrical resistance at a well-defined voltage (switching voltage). Starting at low voltages, the resistance is large. But by exceeding the switching voltage the resistance drops dramatically and the component acts as a good conductor. Mounted parallel to a consumer, they are used as protection devices against over voltage loading. In the technical routine yearly billions of varistors are used to protect power lines, transformation stations, electronic devices, microelectronic systems or even LEDs.In service large temperature differences may come into existence, which cause severe mechanical stresses that even may destroy the components. The basic principles of the varistor behaviour are explained and examples of mechanical failure are discussed.     

The Role of Vitamin D in Supporting Health in the COVID-19 Era

The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health. Among its renowned functions, vitamin D is an immunomodulator and a molecule with an anti-inflammatory effect, and, recently, it has been much studied in relation to its response against viral infections, especially against COVID-19. This review aims to take stock of the correlation studies between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of severe COVID-19 disease and, similarly, between vitamin D deficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Based on this evidence, supplementation with vitamin D has been tested in clinical trials, and the results are discussed. Finally, this study includes a biochemical analysis on the effects of vitamin D in the body’s defense mechanisms against viral infection. In particular, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are considered in relation to energy metabolism, and the potential, beneficial effect of vitamin D in COVID-19 is described, with discussion of its influence on different biochemical pathways. The proposed, broader view of vitamin D activity could support a better-integrated approach in supplementation strategies against severe COVID-19, which could be valuable in a near future of living with an infection becoming endemic.     

福建设施葡萄园土壤氮磷钾丰缺状况及垂直分布特征

以福建寿宁高优葡萄示范园区为研究对象,选取了14个代表性葡萄园(坡地6个和平地8个),按照0～20 cm、20～40 cm和40～60 cm深度分层取样,测定土壤氮、磷、钾含量,研究养分的垂直分布特征。结果表明:平地葡萄园土壤氮磷钾含量明显高于坡地葡萄园;调查区内土壤养分具有明显的表层"积聚效应",土壤全氮、全磷及其有效量和有效钾含量随土层深度的增加而增加;除有效磷和全钾在中等以上水平外,其他指标均处于缺素状态,土壤不平衡缺肥现象比较突出。因此,应充分考虑葡萄园所处的地形位置,合理配施氮磷肥,避免盲目过量施用钾肥,通过增施有机肥和补充土壤微生物菌剂,促进被固定土壤养分的重新利用。不仅减少化肥的投入量,还可以避免因养分大量富集而造成的农业面源污染。     

Direct current electrodeposition of Zn and Zn–SiC nanocomposite coatings

Pure Zn and Zn matrix composite coatings containing nano-sized SiC particles with an average size of 50 nm were prepared from the zinc sulphate bath. The effect of the particle concentration and current density on the amount of particles embedded was examined. Electron microscopic studies revealed that the coating morphology was modified by the presence of SiC nanoparticles. Corrosion resistance properties of the coatings were studied using a potentiodynamic polarisation technique in 1M NaCl solution. It was established that agglomeration of nanoparticles worsens corrosion resistance properties of Zn–SiC coatings. However, the presence of well dispersed nanoparticles significantly improves the corrosion resistance of the zinc. Incorporation of SiC nanoparticles also improves the microhardness of the zinc matrix.     

Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle suspensions on food‐borne pathogens

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly recognised for their utility in biological applications including nanomedicine and food safety. The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) when tested against the Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli as well as the Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and the effect was more pronounced with the Gram‐positive than with the Gram‐negative bacteria. ZnO NPs also exhibited a preferential ability to suppress growth of E. coli and S. aureus in milk. This study suggested that the application of ZnO NPs as antibacterial agents in food systems and medicine may be effective at inhibiting certain pathogens.     

四-(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉测定食品中的超痕量锌

以水溶性α,β,γ,δ-四-(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉[T-4-TAP)P]作显色剂,测定食品中的痕量锌。对实验条件及共存离子的干扰进行了探讨。室温下,在弱酸性介质中,经7-碘-8羟基卟啉-5-磺酸催化,反应生成1:1络合物。最大吸收波长为422nm摩尔吸收系数为4.0×10~5 1·mo1~(-1)·cm~(-1),桑德尔指数为0.16ng·cm~(2-1),变异系数为1.6—3.7%,回收率为90.8%。本方法适用于分析食品中的痕量锌。     

Interior-architectured ZnO nanostructure for enhanced electrical conductivity via stepwise fabrication process

Fabrication of ZnO nanostructure via direct patterning based on sol-gel process has advantages of low-cost, vacuum-free, and rapid process and producibility on flexible or non-uniform substrates. Recently, it has been applied in light-emitting devices and advanced nanopatterning. However, application as an electrically conducting layer processed at low temperature has been limited by its high resistivity due to interior structure. In this paper, we report interior-architecturing of sol-gel-based ZnO nanostructure for the enhanced electrical conductivity. Stepwise fabrication process combining the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process with an additional growth process was newly applied. Changes in morphology, interior structure, and electrical characteristics of the fabricated ZnO nanolines were analyzed. It was shown that filling structural voids in ZnO nanolines with nanocrystalline ZnO contributed to reducing electrical resistivity. Both rigid and flexible substrates were adopted for the device implementation, and the robustness of ZnO nanostructure on flexible substrate was verified. Interior-architecturing of ZnO nanostructure lends itself well to the tunability of morphological, electrical, and optical characteristics of nanopatterned inorganic materials with the large-area, low-cost, and low-temperature producibility.     

Phytic acid and Fe and Zn concentration in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds is influenced by temperature during seed filling period

Phytic acid (PA), found in cereal and legume staple foods, is considered an antinutrient for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Amongst numerous factors, temperature has a substantial effect on PA synthesis in seeds of legumes. PA, Fe, and Zn concentrations were determined for mature seeds of eleven lentil genotypes grown under simulated long term temperature regimes representative of Saskatoon, Canada (decreasing temperatures) and Lucknow, India (increasing temperatures). PA and Zn concentrations in lentil seeds were significantly higher in the rising temperature regime (8.8 mg/g and 69 mg/kg, respectively) than in the decreasing temperature regime (6.7 mg/g and 61 mg/kg, respectively). Fe concentrations followed the same trend (116 vs. 113 mg/kg). The cooler temperatures of temperate summers might be an important factor in the production of seeds with lower PA concentrations. These results are relevant to the development of biofortification strategies aimed at lowering the PA content in staple crops.