Growth mechanism and gas-sensing characteristics of organic-additive-free zinc oxide of various shapes

Zinc oxide is widely used in gas sensors, solar cells, and photocatalysts because of its wide bandgap and exciton binding energy of 60 meV in various metal oxides. To use ZnO as a gas sensor, it is necessary to synthesize it with surface defects and a large specific surface area. In this study, hydrothermal synthesis without surfactants was employed to obtain organic-additive-free ZnO. For morphology control, we varied the ratio of the hydroxide ion concentration to the zinc ion concentration. To confirm the growth mechanism of ZnO, we performed X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements were performed to analyze the surface properties. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and probe stations were used to measure the specific surface area and sensitivity of the gas sensor, respectively. The results confirmed that flower-shaped ZnO is the most suitable gas-sensing material.     

Lead,Cadmium And Zinc Accumulation On Soil And Vegetation Along Some Selected Major Roads Of Eastern Cape

Surface soil and grass samples were collected in triplicates from seven locations perpendicular to three major roads in Eastern Cape. Total and available lead, cadmium and zinc were determined in the soil samples and total elements were determined in grass. Lead, cadmium and zinc concentrations declined with distance from road traffic. Significant correlation was also established between available elements in soil and in grass. Levels of total and available elements in the soils ranged from 1167-10834 v µg v g m 1 and from 200-" 5734 v µg v g m 1 , respectively. The levels of the element in grass varied between 200 v µg v g m 1 and 3900 v µg v g m 1 . Total and available cadmium levels in soil although lower than the levels are also significant with values ranging from 17-"2833 v µg v g m 1 and from 27 v µg v g m 1 and from 27-1867 v µg v g m 1 , respectively. The cadmium levels in grass varied between 7 v µg v g m 1 and 1100 v µg v g m 1 . The total and available zinc levels in soil ranged from 2833-8334 v µg v g m 1 and from 533-3600 v µg v g m 1 . The levels in grass varied between 0 and 2800 v µg v g m 1 . The degree of pollution measured would constitute a threat to livestock. Motor traffic appears to be the main source of the elements.     

Adsorption of Zn(II) in Oxisols as affected by selective removal of soil fractions

The relative contribution of organic matter, amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides and Al oxides to soil Zn adsorption was evaluated in contaminated and uncontaminated Brazilian soils. Soil samples were equilibrated with Zn solutions and Zn adsorption was determined using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Fe and Al oxides (non‐silicated clays) and the organic matter contents of the soils were the main contributors to the variation in Zn adsorption. The Zn maximum adsorption capacity in the soil with the greatest sand and organic carbon contents was higher than in the higher clay content soil, which was second in organic carbon content. Related to the whole soil samples, as the soil organic matter was removed, the Zn maximum adsorption capacity decreased in most of the observations. The removal of Fe and Al oxides decreased the soil Zn maximum adsorption capacity in some cases and increased it in others, with no clear variation in the pathway. For both whole soil and soil fractions, the isotherms for Zn adsorption to soil, fitted to the Langmuir equation, showed two linear portions or pathways (Part I and Part II). The bonding energy coefficient was higher in Part I (related to specific chemical adsorption) than in Part II (related to electrostatic interactions), which suggests a higher affinity between Zn and soil particles in Part I as compared with Part II.     

Determination of trace amount of silver in water samples by flame atomic absorption after preconcentration by ZnO nano sorbent

A simple and fast method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) applying zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was developed for the trace amount determination of silver (Ag) in aqueous samples. The method linearity was in the range of 14 to 700 ng mL^?1. The extraction efficiency of Ag was greater than 98% and limit of detection (LOD) was 4.2 ng mL^?1. The preconcentration factor was 200 and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of the method was 3.7% (n = 6).     

表面活性剂对锌精矿在浆萃取浸出率的影响

研究了几种不同的表面活性剂对锌精矿有机溶剂在浆萃取过程中锌浸出率的影响 ,并对表面活性剂的用量对锌精矿在有机溶剂中的行为进行了探讨 ,测定了经表面活性剂处理后矿粉在水溶液中的粘度以及浸出溶液表面张力变化情况 ,结果表明加入 0 .0 5～ 0 .2 g/L表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠改变了矿粉在水溶液中的润湿性 ,降低了浸出溶液的表面张力 ,有效地提高了锌精矿浸出率     

低污染铁矾法炼锌工艺的研究

本文研究了低污染铁矾法炼锌工艺过程,并将研究结果同澳大利亚Risdon厂的结果进行对比,讨论了低污染铁矾法炼锌的效益和铅、银回收。     

氧化锌矿制备活性氧化锌的新工艺

用氧化锌矿作原料经酸浸、净化和焙烧可制得纯度为98.3％的活性氧化锌,工艺简单。研究了酸浸温度、pH值对锌浸出率的影响,考察了净化工艺中的除杂问题,并用DTA分析了活性氧化锌制备过程中焙烧工艺的影响。     

全球主要铅锌矿业公司锌矿资源与开发利用及其对我国的启示

全球铅锌资源丰富、分布相对分散，全球主要铅锌公司通过相对集中的资源布局，掌控优质资源，配套发展铅锌冶炼-加工产产业，构建了完整的产业链资产组合，把握了行业竞争力和话语权。本文采用国际权威矿产资源专业数据库资料和国外矿业企业公开披露的数据，聚焦全球主要铅锌公司的铅锌资源状况，通过分析其主要项目的矿床类型及其分布特征，资源储量、品位及其勘探、开发利用情况等，认为国外矿业巨头均以资源保障能力掌控行业话语权与竞争力。同时通过我国矿企境外锌资源开发情况，揭示我国矿企“走出去”任重道远。笔者认为在全球实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的大背景下，环保安全整治、小矿山关停、在产矿山资源贫化等因素叠加影响下，我国矿业企业应继续积极“走出去”，在巩固国内铅锌矿山基本产量基础下，加大在境外优质资源的投资力度，提高境外权益矿产产量，实现企业大型化和国际化，为我国十四五高质量发展中国家大宗战略性矿产资源的保障能力贡献力量。     

ZnO – Yb2O3 composite optical ceramics: Synthesis,structure and spectral-luminescent properties

Zinc oxide optical ceramics containing 0–2 wt% ytterbium are prepared by uniaxial hot pressing of commercial oxides at 1150 and 1180 °C. The ceramics have the main crystalline phase of hexagonal wurtzite-type ZnO. Ytterbium ions do not enter the ZnO crystals but form a cubic sesquioxide phase of Yb₂O₃ located at the ZnO grain boundaries. Yb acts as an inhibitor for the ZnO grain growth. The ceramics exhibit transmittance up to 60 % in the visible. Their transmission in the infrared is determined by the free charge carrier absorption. The Yb³⁺ ions are found in C₂ and C_3i sites in Yb₂O₃ crystals. Under X-ray excitation, the ceramics exhibit intense luminescence bands in the blue (near-band-edge emission) and green (defect emission) whose positions, intensities and decay times depend on the Yb content. Yb₂O₃ causes a redistribution of luminescence intensity in favor of the near-band-edge emission and fastens the emission decay.     

Synthesis,structural and morphological characteristics,magnetic and optical properties of Co doped ZnO nanoparticles

Zn_1−xCo_xO (x==0.05, 0.10, 0.15) nanoparticles have been synthesized by an alternative wet-chemical synthesis route using the SimAdd technique. The as-obtained powders were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis correlated with evolved gas analysis (TG–DTA–FT-IR) in order to determine their chemical nature, crystalline structure and to establish the decomposition sequences. The precipitates are generally amorphous, but low-intensity reflection peaks assigned both to the zinc oxalate dihydrate, and zinc hydroxide can be observed in the recorded patterns, indicating that hydroxy-oxalate precipitates were obtained. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the thermally treated samples have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, HRTEM, SAED, UV–vis and EPR. XRD studies reveal a hexagonal wurtzite-type structure for all Zn_1−xCo_xO samples. TEM investigations show particle size between 28 and 37 nm, with spherical and polyhedral shapes and with tendency to form aggregates. The presence of a Co₃O₄ secondary phase was evidenced by XRD, UV–vis and EPR for the Zn_0.85Co_0.15O sample. The ferromagnetic behavior of the samples was revealed. The paper highlights that by varying the cobalt concentration it is possible to modulate the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties.