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31.
Tsutomu Osawa Masashi Ando Saori Sakai Tadao Harada Osamu Takayasu 《Catalysis Letters》2005,105(1-2):41-45
The role of acetic acid added to the reaction media for the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate over
a (R,R)-tartaric acid-in-situ-modified nickel catalyst was studied from the viewpoint of the hydrogenation rate during repeated
runs. The hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate on the “enantio-differentiating sites” of a tartaric acid-modified nickel catalyst
was specifically accelerated by the acetic acid added to the reaction media to increase the enantio-differentiating ability
of the catalyst. In order to increase the enantio-differentiating ability, the addition of acetic acid to the reaction media
was required in each run during the repeated use of the catalyst. 相似文献
32.
33.
对羟基苯甲酸酯的催化剂研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了固体超强酸TiO2/SO42-,磷钨、硅钨杂多酸及固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2,浓硫酸(微波常压法),Lewis酸(FeCl3·6H2O,Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O)等几种不同催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸酯的实验结果.分析各种固体催化剂对该酯化反应的催化活性、选择性、重复使用性能及使用范围. 相似文献
34.
Phase diagrams for oil/methanol/ether mixtures 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
David G. B. Boocock Samir K. Konar Hanif Sidi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(10):1247-1251
One-phase transmethylations of vegetable oils with methanol to form methyl esters occur considerably faster than conventional
two-phase reactions. Addition of simple ethers is an efficient method for producing a single phase. Ternary phase diagrams
have been determined at 23°C for oil/methanol/ether mixtures; these are useful when applying the one-phase method across a
wide range of conditions. Soybean, canola, palm, and coconut oils were used in combination with five ethers, namely, tetrahydrofuran
(THF), 1,4-dioxane (DO), diethyl ether (DE), diisopropyl ether (DI), andtert-butyl methyl ether (TBM). All five ethers can produce miscibility for all methanol/oil compositions. The ether/methanol volumetric
ratios required for miscibility at a methanol/soybean or canola oil volumetric ratio of 0.20 (5.4 molar ratio) at 23°C are:
THF, 1.15; DO, 1.60; DE, 1.38 DI, 1.57; and TBM, 1.57. For THF, this results in one-phase mixtures that contain 65 vol% oil.
Soybean and canola oil form identical diagrams. Palm oil requires slightly less ether at the lower methanol concentrations,
but coconut oil requires considerably less across the whole concentration range. Acid-catalyzed reactions, when performed
at the boiling point of the most volatile component, require less ether than predicted from the diagrams. 相似文献
35.
This work examines low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based alternate fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition
engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were studied as neat fuels and in blends with petroleum middle distillates
(No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel). Admixed methyl esters composed of 5–30 vol% tallowate methyl esters in soyate methyl esters
were also examined. Pour points, cloud points, and kinematic viscosities were measured; viscosities at cooler temperatures
were studied to evaluate effects of sustained exposure. Low-temperature filterability studies were conducted in accordance
with two standard methodologies. The North American standard was the low-temperature flow test (LTFT), and its European equivalent
was the cold-filter plugging point (CFPP). With respect to cold-flow properties, blending methyl esters with middle distillates
is limited to relatively low ester contents before the properties become preclusive. Under most conditions, cold-flow properties
were not greatly affected by admixing the methyl esters with up to 30 vol% tallowate (before blending). Least squares analysis
showed that both LTFT and CFPP of formulations containing at least 10 vol% methyl esters are linear functions of cloud point.
In addition, statistical analysis of the LTFT data showed a strong 1:1 correlation between LTFT and CP. This result may prove
crucial in efforts to improve low-temperature flow properties of alternate diesel fuels that contain methyl esters derived
from triglycerides. 相似文献
36.
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39.
Tejraj M. Aminabhavi Lakshmi C. Shetty B. Vijaya Kumar Naidu Nadagouda N. Mallikarjuna Vanajakshi M. Hanchinal 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,94(3):1139-1150
Sorption, diffusion, and swelling characteristics of sodium alginate and its blend membranes with poly(vinyl alcohol) were investigated for water–acetic acid mixtures by using a gravimetric method at 30, 40, and 50°C. The membranes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques. Concentration‐independent diffusion coefficients were obtained by applying Fick's relationship before completion of equilibrium sorption. Permeation coefficients were calculated from sorption and diffusion coefficients. Concentration profiles of liquids were computed considering the sheet geometry for the membrane by solving Fick's equation under suitable boundary conditions. Arrhenius activation parameters were computed for the transport processes. Experimental results and calculated quantities were discussed to understand membrane–solvent interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1139–1150, 2004 相似文献
40.
本文介绍了一步法制备取代2-四氢萘酮的新方法,与常规合成方法相比,该法具有明显的优点:不需要先将羧酸转化成酰氯,避免了三氯化铝以及含氯溶剂的应用,并使催化剂得以循环利用。因此,该方法安全、环保,有望取代常规的付-克反应在工业上的应用。 相似文献