Determination of lignin in the presence of ester-bound substituted cinnamic acids by a modified acetyl bromide procedure

The lignin content of plant materials can be determined spectro-scopically but the presence of ester-bound substituted cinnamic acids in the cell walls of some plant families, particularly the Gramineae, gives elevated values. Pre-treatment with either pyrrolidine : pyridine or 0-5 m sodium methoxide selectively removes the ester-bound acids leaving intact the true lignin. The treatments have been applied to cellulose powder, immature perennial ryegrass stems, oat straw and forage rape stems. The pyrrolidine : pyridine treatment removes a slightly higher proportion of these non-lignin components but the sodium methoxide treatment appears to cause less damage than the heterocyclic bases to other cell wall constituents and is preferred if the residues are to be used for other purposes.     

盐酸三乙胺-三氯化铝离子液体催化酰基化合成乙酰水杨酰胺

实验以盐酸三乙胺-三氯化铝离子液体(IL)为催化剂,催化水杨酰胺(SA)与乙酰氯进行傅克酰基化反应合成5乙酰水杨酰胺。讨论了离子液体与水杨酰胺摩尔比、乙酰氯与水杨酰胺摩尔比、反应温度与反应时间等因素对水杨酰胺酰基化合成5-乙酰水杨酰胺的影响,最佳反应条件为:n(1L):n(SA)=2:1,n(乙酰氯):n(SA)=4:1,反应温度40℃,反应时间120 min。在上述最佳条件下,不使用有机溶剂,水杨酰胺的转化率为99.1%,乙酰水杨酰胺的收率达到了73.1%。     

大肠杆菌乙酰辅酶A代谢调控及其应用研究进展

利用生物法合成生物基化学品具有高效、绿色、可持续发展等优势。乙酰辅酶A作为细胞内物质代谢的重要中间产物,是利用生物转化法合成许多生物基化学品的重要前体,在微生物碳代谢过程中发挥着枢纽作用。本文综述了大肠杆菌乙酰辅酶A的合成、代谢调控策略及其重要应用,重点总结了乙酰辅酶A的合成途径及近期发展的提高乙酰辅酶A胞内通量的代谢调控策略,包括乙酸途径的代谢调控、丙酮酸合成乙酰辅酶A途径的代谢调控、中心碳代谢途径的代谢调控、β氧化合成乙酰辅酶A途径的代谢调控和乙酰辅酶A合成新途径的发掘,进一步展望了提高乙酰辅酶A供给的策略,利用基因组编辑技术构建合成乙酰辅酶A为前体化学品细胞工厂的方法。     

Porous cellulose acetate membrane prepared by thermally induced phase separation

Microporous cellulose acetate membranes were prepared by a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. Two kinds of cellulose acetate with acetyl content of 51 and 55 mol % and two kinds of diluents, such as 2‐methyl‐2,4‐pentandiol and 2‐ethyl‐1,3‐hexanediol, were used. In all polymer‐diluent systems, cloud points were observed, which indicated that liquid–liquid phase separation occurred during the TIPS process. The growth of droplets formed after the phase separation was followed using three cooling conditions. The obtained pore structure was isotropic, that is, the pore size did not vary across the membrane. In addition, no macrovoids were formed. These pore structures were in contrast with those usually obtained by the immersion precipitation method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3951–3955, 2003     

N-(p-溴苯基)-2-(p-氯苯氧乙酰基)氨基脲的合成与表征

用 Ｎ － （ｐ － 溴苯基） 三氯乙酰胺与ｐ － 氯苯氧乙酰肼反应,合成了一种新的取代氨基脲, Ｎ － （ ｐ － 溴苯基） － ２ － （ ｐ － 氯苯氧乙酰基） 氨基脲,其结构经 Ｉ Ｒ 、１ Ｈ Ｎ Ｍ Ｒ 和元素分析证实。     

An Engineered Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates: Utilization of β1,3‐N‐Acetyl‐D‐glucosaminyltransferase from Streptococcus agalactiae Type Ia Expressed in Escherichia coli as a Fusion with Maltose‐Binding Protein

A fusion protein composed of β1,3‐N‐acetyl‐D ‐glucosaminyltransferase (β1,3‐GlcNAcT) from Streptococcus agalactiae type Ia and maltose‐binding protein (MBP) was produced in Escherichia coli as a soluble and highly active form. Although this fusion protein (MBP‐β1,3‐GlcNAcT) did not show any sugar‐elongation activity to some simple low‐molecular weight acceptor substrates such as galactose, Galβ(1→4)Glc (lactose), Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc (N‐acetyllactosamine), Galβ(1→4)GlcNAcβ(1→3)Galβ(1→4)Glc (lacto‐N‐tetraose), and Galβ(1→4)GlcβCer (lactosylceramide, LacCer), the multivalent glycopolymer having LacCer‐mimic branches (LacCer mimic polymer, LacCer primer) was found to be an excellent acceptor substrate for the introduction of a β‐GlcNAc residue at the O‐3 position of the non‐reducing galactose moiety by this engineered enzyme. Subsequently, the polymer having GlcNAcβ(1→3)Galβ(1→4)Glc was subjected to further enzymatic modifications by using recombinant β1,4‐D ‐galactosyltransferase (β1,4‐GalT), α2,3‐sialyltransferase (α2,3‐SiaT), α1,3‐L ‐fucosyltransferase (α1,3‐FucT), and ceramide glycanase (CGase) to afford a biologically important ganglioside; Neu5Aα(2→3)Galβ(1→4)[Fucα(1→3)]GlcNAcβ(1→3)Galβ(1→4)GlcCerα(IV3Neu5Acα,III3Fucα‐nLc4Cer) in 40% yield (4 steps). Interestingly, it was suggested that MBP‐β1,3‐GlcNAcT could also catalyze a glycosylation reaction of the LacCer mimic polymer with N‐acetyl‐D ‐galactosamine served from UDP‐GalNAc to afford a polymer carrying trisaccharide branches, GalNAcβ(1→3)Galβ(1→4)Glc. The versatility of the MBP‐β1,3‐GlcNAcT in the practical synthesis was preliminarily demonstrated by applying this fusion protein as an immobilized biocatalyst displayed on the amylose resin which is known as a solid support showing potent binding‐affinity with MBP.     

红景天对睡眠剥夺大鼠学习记忆的影响及其机制探索

目的: 探讨红景天对睡眠剥夺大鼠学习记忆功能的影响及其可能机制。方法: 用小平台水环境法建立睡眠剥夺模型,每组半数行Y型电迷宫测试,并检测海马和额叶组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量,半数利用免疫组化法检测海马区胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)及胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达。结果: Y型电迷宫测试显示,与模型组相比,红景天组全天总反应时间(TRT)和错误反应次数(EN)均较低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,红景天组海马组织和额叶组织SOD活力均较高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,红景天组海马组织MDA含量较低(P<0.05),额叶组织MDA含量与模型组差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ChAT表达检测表明,与模型组相比,红景天组阳性细胞着色较深,轮廓较清晰,排列较整齐,各亚区阳性细胞数量较多(P<0.05)。GFAP表达检测显示,与模型组相比,红景天组阳性细胞着色较浅,细胞体积较小,突起较短较细,侧枝较少,阳性细胞数量较少(P<0.05)。结论: 红景天对睡眠剥夺后大鼠脑组织氧化损伤及神经元损伤有保护作用,可缓解睡眠剥夺造成的学习记忆功能的下降。     

醋酸纤维素改性水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

以醋酸纤维素(CDA)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚2000(PPG2000)为主要原料,二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)为催化剂,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂制备了一系列CDA改性的水性聚氨酯(WPU)。研究了CDA的乙酰基含量及CDA用量对乳液的粒径、黏度及对胶膜的力学性能、耐磨性、硬度的影响。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)及热重分析(TG)研究了胶膜的性能。结果表明:当CDA的乙酰基含量为43.5%,CDA的用量为6.8%,DMPA的用量为6.67%时,改性后胶膜的综合性能比较好。FT-IR表明,CDA成功接枝到PU分子骨架上;TG结果表明,CDA改性PU后,胶膜的热稳定得到明显提高。