乙酸对甲苯酚酯的合成工艺研究

以乙酰氯和对甲苯酚为原料合成了乙酸对甲苯酚酯,考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比等对合成反应的影响,确定了乙酸对甲苯酚酯的最佳合成工艺条件：反应温度40℃,反应时间7h,n（对甲苯酚）：n（乙酰氯）=1：1．5;乙酸对甲苯酚酯的收率可达94．95％,产品纯度达98．5％以上。     

分子动力学模拟与热稳定性实验相结合分析乙酰氨基葡萄糖与脂肪酶的相互作用机制

该研究采用分子动力学模拟方法研究南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B（CaLB）与乙酰氨基葡萄糖（GlcNAc）的相互作用,以及通过热稳定性实验论证GlcNAc对CaLB的保护效果。结果表明：在323.15 K下,CaLB与GlcNAc的静电势能与Lennard-Jones（L-J）在前20 ns模拟时间中显著下降,CaLB-250 mmol/L-GlcNAc模型在0~100 ns时,静电势能和L-J势能分别下降了3350 kJ/mol和2791 kJ/mol,二者间的氢键数从0增加到115左右,CaLB与GlcNAc的可及面积（SASA）接近于50 nm2。均方根偏差（RMSD）和均方根波动（RMSF）数据表明：游离酶（Free-CaLB）模型在323.15 K和353.15 K下的RMSD分别为0.2617 nm和0.3473 nm,而不同浓度CaLB-GlcNAc模型的RMSD均小于Free-CaLB的数值,且CaLB-GlcNAc组装体模型区域（Val 147-Leu 155）波动明显小于Free-CaLB模型,说明GlcNAc可以减弱Free-CaLB的韧性而有效维持脂肪酶的原始结构。热稳定性实验表明：Free-CaLB及CaLB-GlcNAc在60 ℃下处理2.0 h,Free-CaLB的残余酶活力仅为22.26%,而CaLB-GlcNAc的残余酶活力为52.11%。综上,乙酰氨基葡萄糖可以提高游离脂肪酶的热稳定性。     

Baclofen facilitates the extinction of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.

The powerful, long-lasting association between the rewarding effects of a drug and contextual cues associated with drug administration can be studied using conditioned place preference (CPP). The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen facilitates the extinction of morphine-induced CPP in mice. The current study extended this work by determining if baclofen could enhance the extinction of methamphetamine (Meth) CPP. CPP was established using a six-day conditioning protocol wherein Meth-pairings were alternated with saline-pairings. Rats were subsequently administered baclofen (2 mg/kg i.p. or vehicle) immediately after each daily forced extinction session, which consisted of a saline injection immediately prior to being placed into the previously Meth- or saline-paired chamber. One extinction training cycle, consisted of six once-daily forced extinction sessions, mimicking the alternating procedure established during conditioning, followed by a test for preference (Ext test). CPP persisted for at least four extinction cycles in vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, CPP was inhibited following a single extinction training cycle. These data indicate that Meth-induced CPP was resistant to extinction, but extinction training was rendered effective when the training was combined with baclofen. These findings converge with the prior demonstration of baclofen facilitating the extinction of morphine-induced CPP indicating that GABAB receptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimulant) and likely reflect mechanisms engaged by extinction learning processes per se. Thus, baclofen administered in conjunction with extinction training may be of value for addiction therapy regardless of the class of drug being abused. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Isolation of an acetyl-CoA synthetase gene (ZbACS2) from Zygosaccharomyces bailii

A gene homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACS genes, coding for acetyl-CoA synthetase, has been cloned from the yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii ISA 1307, by using reverse genetic approaches. A probe obtained by PCR amplification from Z. bailii DNA, using primers derived from two conserved regions of yeast ACS proteins, RIGAIHSVVF (ScAcs1p; 210-219) and RVDDVVNVSG (ScAcs1p; 574-583), was used for screening a Z. bailii genomic library. Nine clones with partially overlapping inserts were isolated. The sequenced DNA fragment contains a complete ORF of 2027 bp (ZbACS2) and the deduced polypeptide shares significant homologies with the products of ACS2 genes from S. cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis (81% and 82% identity and 84% and 89% similarity, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis shows that the sequence of Zbacs2 is more closely related to the sequences from Acs2 than to those from Acs1 proteins. Moreover, this analysis revealed that the gene duplication producing Acs1 and Acs2 proteins has occurred in the common ancestor of S. cerevisiae, K. lactis, Candida albicans, C. glabrata and Debaryomyces hansenii lineages. Additionally, the cloned gene allowed growth of S. cerevisiae Scacs2 null mutant, in medium containing glucose as the only carbon and energy source, indicating that it encodes a functional acetyl-CoA synthetase. Also, S. cerevisiae cells expressing ZbACS2 have a shorter lag time, in medium containing glucose (2%, w/v) plus acetic acid (0.1-0.35%, v/v). No differences in cell response to acetic acid stress were detected both by specific growth and death rates. The mode of regulation of ZbACS2 appears to be different from ScACS2 and KlACS2, being subject to repression by a glucose pulse in acetic acid-grown cells.     

2，3-戊二酮的合成研究

2,3-戊二酮是一种奶香型食用香料,以经典的亚硝化法合成2,3-戊二酮,即以2-戊酮为原料,使用亚硝酸异戊酯为亚硝化试剂,在浓盐酸存在下进行亚硝化反应,生成3-肟-2-戊酮,再经过水解得2,3-戊二酮,总反应得率达48．2％。     

Highly acetylated pectin from cacao pod husks (Theobroma cacao L.) forms gel

A pectin (OP) obtained from cacao pod husk with a high acetyl content, which is a structural feature that could disturb the pectins' gel formation, was able to form gels at low pH and a high sucrose content. Pectin gels (1.32% GalA equivalent, w/w) were prepared at pH 2.5–3.3 in the presence of 60% sucrose (w/w). Rheological analyses were performed to determine the optimal pH for further studies. Next, the OP samples were prepared at pH 2.7 in concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 1.98% GalA (w/w) with 60% sucrose (w/w) and subjected to rheological analysis. Dynamic oscillatory experiments at 25 °C indicated the presence of gels for all of the analysed concentrations. Measurements of the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli at 25 °C also indicated that increasing the pectin concentration resulted in stronger gels. Rotational experiments revealed a shear-thinning behaviour in which the apparent viscosities of the samples increased as the concentration increased. Although the OP had a high degree of acetylation, this pectin was able to form gels, which suggests its potential for use as a gelling and thickening additive.     

4-(2',4'-二氟苯基)-苯乙酮的拜耳-维利格反应研究

研究了题示化合物的拜耳－ 维利格反应特性,考察了温度、催化剂、惰性气体保护、操作方式、过酸用量等影响因素。确定了该反应的最佳条件为：５０ ℃,复合催化剂催化,惰性气体保护,两步法操作,ｎ（过酸）∶ｎ（酮）＝ ３∶１。揭示了有无惰性气体保护对该反应的反应速率和收率有重要的影响这一特性,并给出了解释。在最佳条件下,整个反应时间只需７ ｈ,且收率能达到９２ ％ 。     

衍生-超临界CO2萃取土壤样品中的金属离子

The method of using trifluoro acetyl acetone as chelating agent to extract Cu^2 , Hg^2 , Pb^2 ,Zn^2 , Cd^2 , Cr^3 from silica gel and soil sample by supercritical CO2 was investigated. The extracts were analyzed with the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The experimental results showed that at 20 MPa, 60℃ and with methanol as modifier, the metal ions mentioned above could be extracted efficiently. The recovery values for the simulated silica gel samples and soil sample were 91.0%-98. 2%and 77.8%-93.9%, respectively. This method was proved to be simple, quick and without pollution, which could be applied to the analysis of heavy metal ions in environmental samples.     

复层药物丝素膜中药物的释放

讨论了药物丝素膜采用动态或静态释放法对膜中药物释放的差异性,并采用动态释放法测定了复层丝素膜对模型药物乙酰水杨酸及利福平的释放,实验结果表明,复层药物丝素膜比单层药物丝素膜在释放液中初始释放浓度稍大,释放时间延长,更符合药物缓释制剂的要求。