Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂涂层工艺参数的优化

针对甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应，研制了一种新型的适用于微槽道反应器的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂涂层。通过对其关键制备参数的优化，筛选出COAT-14-6（CuO 14wt．％，ZnO6wt．％）为性能最佳的催化剂涂层。研究发现Cu，ZnO／Al2O3涂层催化剂的活性与活性铜的表面积和催化剂的还原性密切相关。100h的连续性实验结果表明，涂覆了COAT-14-6的微槽道反应器可以与10W的燃料电池配套。     

连续式超临界水中煤/CMC催化气化制氢

在向水煤浆中添加CMC（羧甲基纤维素钠），成功实现水煤浆高压均匀输送基础上，对超临界水中煤／CMC催化气化制氢性能进行了进一步研究。结果表明：在压力20～25MPa、停留时间15～30s、NaOH添加量0．1％、反应器外壁温650℃条件下，超临界水中煤/CMC催化气化制氢气体产物中H2摩尔含量远比常规气化高，主要气体产物是H2、CO2和CH4。增加物料中CMC的含量、升高压力均有利于提高气体产物中心的产量，延长停留时间虽有利于物料气化但不利于氢气的制取。     

螺旋藻作为生物能源的研究进展

螺旋藻是目前发现的最优秀的纯天然蛋白质食品源,同时也是研究生物放氢的理想材料之一,因此螺旋藻作为生物能源的研究和开发具有诱人的发展前景。本文概述了螺旋藻生长和研究情况,重点介绍了螺旋藻氢酶的研究、产氢机理的研究进展以及作为能源应用开发目前存在的问题和解决办法,并从理论上展望了作为生物能源开发应用的前景。     

锌精矿沸腾焙烧炉产能下降原因分析及对策研究

冷却水套结渣和富氧浓度是影响锌精矿沸腾焙烧炉生产能力的重要因素。结渣的主要成分是铁和锌的化合物,在炉子正常运行条件下,它直接影响冷却水套的换热效果。加大沸腾层内的排热力度如采用喷水装置或活动水套等措施可以适当提高炉子生产能力。特别是局部增氧工艺为增加炉子产量提供了新的技术思路。     

某发电厂50MW机组给水泵改造

针对电厂厂用电率偏高,查找并总结出给水泵对厂用电率的影响及运行中存在的问题,提出了对给水泵进行改造的具体方案,并对改造后的效果进行了评估。     

Thermodynamic analysis of high‐temperature helium heated fuel reforming for hydrogen production

In order to take full advantage of the heat from high temperature gas cooled reactor, thermodynamic analysis of high‐temperature helium heated methane, ethanol and methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production based on the Gibbs principle of minimum free energy has been carried out using the software of Aspen Plus. Effects of the reaction temperature, pressure and water/carbon molar ratio on the process are evaluated. Results show that the effect of the pressure on methane reforming is small when the reaction temperature is over 900 °C. Methane/CO conversion and hydrogen production rate increase with the water/carbon molar ratio. However the thermal efficiency increases first to the maximum value of 61% and then decreases gradually. As to ethanol and methanol steam reforming, thermal efficiency is higher at lower reaction pressures. With an increase in water–carbon molar ratio, hydrogen production rate increases, but thermal efficiency decreases. Both of them increase with the reaction temperature first to the highest values and then decrease slowly. At optimum operation conditions, the conversion of both ethanol and methanol approaches 100%. For the ethanol and methanol reforming, their highest hydrogen production rate reaches, respectively, 88.69% and 99.39%, and their highest thermal efficiency approaches, respectively, 58.58% and 89.17%. With the gradient utilization of the high temperature helium heat, the overall heat efficiency of the system can reach 70.85% which is the highest in all existing system designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A highly efficient nanostructured quinary photocatalyst for hydrogen production

Semiconductor photocatalysts play a crucial role when it comes to environmental issues such as global warming, pollutant degradation, fuel shortage, and energy crisis. In this paper, three nanostructured compound (3‐, 4‐, and 5‐component) semiconductor materials were synthesized through a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method, and were applied as alloy photocatalysts to generate hydrogen fuel via a water photo‐splitting process. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms revealed that the synthesized materials were all mesoporous and the highest surface area was witnessed for Ag‐doped quinary photocatalyst, viz. Cd_0.1Zn_0.87Sn_0.01Ag_0.01S (CZTSS). This heterogeneous photocatalyst exhibited a maximum performance in evolving hydrogen gas. The superiority of CZTSS was justified in terms of its greater surface area, higher conduction band and its silver plasmon resonance, enhancing the light absorption at long wavelengths. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a spectacular nanostructure for this photocatalyst that was comprised of nanoparticles, platelets, and microspheres attached together. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses of the CZTSS also proved the synthesis of the quinary photocatalyst, having different compositions in distinct zones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An evaluation of enhanced oil recovery strategies for a heavy oil reservoir after cold production with sand

Cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) is the process of choice for unconsolidated heavy oil reservoirs with relatively high gas content. The key challenge of CHOPS is that the recovery factor tends to be between 5% and 15%, implying that the majority of the oil remains in the ground after the process is rendered uneconomic. Continued cold production (without sands) is not productive for a post‐CHOPS reservoir because of the low oil saturation and depleted reservoir pressure in the wormhole regions. There is a need to develop viable recovery processes for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. Here, different follow‐up processes are examined for a post‐CHOPS heavy oil reservoir. In post‐CHOPS cold water flooding, severe water channeling is ineffective at displacing high viscosity heavy oil. Hot water flooding improves the sweep efficiency and produces more oil compared with cold water flooding. However, the swept region is limited to the domain between the neighboring wormhole networks, and the energy efficiency of the process is relatively poor. Compared with the hot water flooding case, steam flooding achieves higher oil production rates and lower water use. A cyclic steam stimulation strategy achieves the best performance regarding oil production rates and water usage. Based on our results, it is observed that thermally based techniques alone are not capable to recover the oil economically for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. However, it is suggested that techniques with combined use of thermal energy and solvent could potentially yield efficient oil recovery methods for these reservoirs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

膜加湿器热质交换过程的理论分析

膜加湿器是保证质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)正常高效运行的重要组成部分.以燃料电池的板式膜加湿器为研究对象,根据热质交换原理对膜加湿器的传热传质过程进行了理论计算,分析了空气质量流量、膜内加湿侧进口温度和膜内加湿侧进口湿度对传热传质过程的影响.在传热方面:当空气质量流量不同时,随着膜内加湿侧进口温度的变化,膜内的热流量变化趋势不一致;当膜内加湿侧进口相对湿度为95%时,随着空气质量流量的变化,膜内热流量变化不大.在传质方面:当加湿侧进口相对湿度不变时,膜中水传输速率随着空气质量流量的增大而减小;当空气质量流量不变时,膜中水传输速率随着加湿侧进口相对湿度的增大而增大.