Initial stages of the high-temperature corrosion of commercial Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in a carburizing atmosphere of low oxygen partial pressure

The early stages of corrosion of AISI 314, HK 40, and Alloy 800H have been studied in a strongly carburizing (a_C=0.8), weakly oxidizing atmosphere at 1098 K. Samples with electropolished and cold-worked surfaces were exposed for up to 400 min. at temperature, in a conventional corrosion rig or in a reaction vessel which was installed within an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The latter facility allowed the effects of the specimen heating rate and the rat of gas flow to be investigated. Examination of the corrosion products was accomplished with the aid of XPS, SEM, TEM, and conventional metallography. Initially, surface layers comprised of -Cr₂O₃, (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, and SiO₂ formed, with layer structure, microstructure, and composition being functions of alloy composition and surface condition. Only on the cold-worked surfaces did a well-developed duplex oxide, consisting of an outer, Cr-rich oxide layer and an inner, SiO₂ layer, form. In good agreement with the predicted value of 1.9 wt.%, between 1.4 and 2 wt.% Si in the alloy was required to form a complete SiO₂ layer. After an incubation period, -Cr₂O₃ became unstable and transformed to M₇C₃; the carbides then grew by diffusion of metal from the alloy substrate. The presence of manganese, as (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, in the surface oxide influenced the mode of carbide growth, whereas the rate of carbide growth was severely suppressed by a continuous SiO₂ layer which acted as a diffusion barrier both to metal and to carbon. It is argued that the SiO₂ layer is most effective in reducing carburization when it is free from or contains very few structural defects.     

YG6金刚石涂层刀片衬底真空渗硼预处理新技术研究

本文研究了真空渗硼预处理硬质合金基体的表面组织、形貌、粗糙度，并在处理过的YG6刀片基体上，用强电流直流伸展电弧等离子体CVD法沉积金刚石薄膜涂层。结果表明，真空渗硼预处理不仅可以有效的消除或控制钴在金刚石沉积时的不利影响，而且，还显著粗化硬质合金基体表面。因此，提高了金刚石薄膜的质量和涂层的附着力。     

磨料射流技术用于石油管道表面预处理

从工作原理、工艺流程、技术参数、装置组成等方面 介绍已应用于胜利油田生产的磨料射流油管表面预处理生产线,应用证明：它具有处理质量好、速度快、无污染、操作简便等优点,是进行油管表面预处理的全新工艺.     

使用石墨预处理方法生产风电机球墨铸铁件

介绍了使用石墨预处理方法生产风电机球墨铸铁件的生产实例,试验表明,使用预处理可以在一定程度上细化石墨,单位面积上的石墨球数量提高了2%,较为圆整的石墨球数量提高了8%,球化率提高了1%。采用预处理工艺获得的试样与采用传统工艺获得的试样相比,其平均屈服强度提高5%,抗拉强度提高3%,伸长率提高9%,低温抗冲击强度的平均值和3点最小值都有小幅上升,硬度则有小幅下降。采用预处理工艺后,生产的稳定性和可靠性亦有所提高。     

酸性表面调整工艺对彩涂产品性能的影响

为了获得高质量的涂层钢板，通过一系列的试验研究工作，从微观和宏观两方面证实了彩涂板涂敷前处理工艺中的酸性表面调整处理可提高彩涂板的抗剥离性能和耐蚀能力。     

基于LabVIEW的瞬变电磁数据采集及预处理

采用瞬变电磁法勘探到的信号中包含大量的强干扰信号,如不剔除强干扰信号,反演得到的计算结果误差较大。针对该问题,提出了一种基于LabVIEW的瞬变电磁数据采集及预处理系统的设计方案。该系统采用数据采集卡USB2089采集二次涡流场信号,并将其转换为计算机能处理的数字信号,然后通过LabVIEW平台的功能流程、功能算法剔除数字信号中的强干扰信号,从而实现对瞬变电磁数据的有效采集。仿真结果表明,该系统可剔除瞬变电磁数据中的强干扰信号,保证了数据采集的准确性。     

现代分析技术在食品添加剂检测中的应用

民以食为天,食以安为先,食品安全牵涉到全民的生活质量和身体健康,加强食品安全检测事关重大.对食品添加剂的检测也成为保证食品安全的重要手段.工欲善其事,必先利其器,借助现代科学仪器和分析技术,使得食品添加剂的检测得以长足的发展.多学科的研究成果的彼此渗透,也促进了分析技术水平的提高,使食品添加剂的检测更为便捷、快速、准确,介绍了现代分析技术在食品添加剂检测中的应用,包括样品预处理技术和测定方法的最新进展.     

Novel technology on preparation of double-layered pellets for sulfur and arsenic-bearing gold concentrates

Double-layered pellet （DLP） roasting is a novel pretreatment method for sulfur and arsenic-bearing gold concentrates. In this process, preparation of DLPs is a fundamental step which is required to produce DLPs with favorable mechanical strength and thermal stability. Studies were carried out to investigate the affecting factors and conditions on the preparation and properties of DLPs. The results show that moisture content has significant influence on DLPs preparation. With the increase of moisture content in the range of no more than 9.8%, drop resistance and compressive strength of green DLPs are raised and the pelletizing dynamics is improved accordingly. The optimum conditions are determined as moisture content of 9.8%, coating time of 14-16 min, drying temperature 〈80 ℃and drying gas velocity 〈1.2 m/s. When DLPs prepared under these conditions are roasted at 600 ℃ for 1 h, favorable removal and solidifying rates can be obtained, in which the removal rates of arsenic and sulfur are 94.38% and 82.55%, and the solidifying rates of arsenic and sulfur reach 99.62% and 99.79%, respectively. These results promise industrial application of DLP roasting.     

海水淡化工程海水预处理构筑物的选型及技术措施

海水淡化工程建设涉及到海水取水和预处理工艺及其构筑物的选择和施工管理．预处理构筑物的工艺选型和施工管理的好坏,将直接关系到整个海水淡化工程的投资、运转情况及淡化水的成本．以岱山本岛50130t／d绿苑海水淡化工程的海水预处理工艺及其构筑物的选择和施工管理为例,介绍了构筑物的钢筋工程、模板工程、混凝土工程及混凝土浇筑情况,工程实例对类似的海水淡化工程建设有一定借鉴作用．     

铁炭微电解法预处理印染废水

采用铁炭微电解法对印染废水进行预处理实验研究,考察了初始pH值、反应时间、铁炭加入量、曝气时间对预处理结果的影响。结果表明:反应初始pH值为3,反应时间为120min,铁炭加入量为100g.(100mL)-1,曝气时间为120min时,处理效果最好。经过铁炭预处理后的废水CODCr降到489mg.L-1,色度降到125倍,B/C值提高到0.37,为后续生化处理奠定了良好的基础。