亚硫酸氢盐类引发剂引发丙烯酰胺聚合效果研究

在合成聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的过程中,分别以亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)和亚硫酸氢钾(KHSO3)为引发剂引发丙烯酰胺(AM)聚合,确定最佳反应温度为30℃,最佳反应时间为4h。与氧化-还原体系和过氧化物类引发剂的引发效果进行了对比,并通过红外分析、黏度测试及相对分子质量测定,确定NaHSO3和KHSO3具有较好的引发效果。NaHSO3和KHSO3可以较好地引发AM与丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)进行共聚反应。     

黄麻纤维生物法桥接丁子香酚接枝丙烯酰胺研究

研究了漆酶催化黄麻木质纤维接枝过渡单体丁子香酚,然后在漆酶/t-BHP催化下,在丁子香酚上进一步接枝丙烯酰胺的亲水化改性反应。结果表明,黄麻纤维接枝丁子香酚的XPS分峰图上观察到283.49 e V处存在CC的能谱峰,证明丁子香酚接枝到了黄麻纤维表面;溴量法测得在50℃、p H值=4、丁子香酚浓度5 mmol/L、漆酶用量1.68 U/m L条件下反应4 h接枝过渡单体效果最好,接枝率为1.06%。在黄麻纤维桥接丁子香酚接枝丙烯酰胺的红外光谱图上呈现酰胺基团的红外特征吸收峰,说明黄麻纤维表面成功接枝丙烯酰胺;微量凯氏定氮法测得黄麻纤维桥接丁子香酚接枝丙烯酰胺的接枝率为3.66%。     

丙烯酰胺在聚乙二醇水溶液中可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合

结合双水相聚合和可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合,提出在聚乙二醇(PEG)水溶液中进行丙烯酰胺(AM)的RAFT双水相聚合,考察反应条件对聚合反应速率和产物分子量及分布的影响。结果表明:高引发剂浓度、单体浓度和聚合温度可以提高初始聚合速率和最终转化率,PEG和RAFT试剂浓度的增加会导致聚合速率减慢和最终转化率降低;峰值聚合速率随引发剂浓度、单体浓度和聚合温度的增加而增大,同时峰值聚合速率对应的时间提前;RAFT试剂浓度增加会推迟峰值聚合速率对应的时间,但可制得分子量分布较窄的产物;PEG浓度的增加会导致产物的分子量分布变宽。     

Structural and Physicochemical Properties of a Polymerizable Surfactant Synthesized from <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methylol Acrylamide

A new polymerizable nonionic surfactant with reactive vinyl groups has been synthesized from N‐methylol acrylamide using a two‐step procedure. The structure of the surfactant molecule was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The surface active properties alongside its self‐assembly properties were investigated by surface tension, electrical conductivity, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. As compared with other nonionic surfactants, this study showed that this polymerizable surfactant possesses slightly a higher critical micelle concentration (CMC) value and the surface tension value at CMC. The obtained CMC values were compatible among measurements, ca. 0.02–0.038 M. The evidence of micelle formation also provided by the zeta potential measurements and the obtained zeta potential values showed that the polymerizable surfactant solutions had limited stability. The hydrolysis stability and solubility of the polymerizable surfactant were also investigated. The solubility results have shown that it was soluble in polar solvents while insoluble in nonpolar solvents both at room temperature and 40 °C. The acidic and basic hydrolysis of the surfactant increased as the temperature increased and the hydrolysis stability was 180 min (basic medium) and 55 min (acidic medium) at 80 °C.     

Interpolymer complexes of poly(acrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with poly(acrylic acid): a comparative study

The interpolymer complexation, through successive hydrogen bonding, between poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in aqueous solution has been viscometrically and potentiometrically investigated. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed was determined. By comparing the strength of the two complexes the very important contribution of the hydrophobic interaction in their formation has been indicated.     

糊化淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酰胺制备高吸水树脂

以过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过糊化淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺制备了高吸水树脂.考察了淀粉的物理状态、交联剂的用量、引发剂的浓度、共聚合温度等对产品吸水率的影响.确定接枝反应最佳工艺条件为:交联剂质量分数0.0016%、引发剂浓度6 mmol·L-1、共聚合温度60℃.     

羧甲基甲壳素与丙烯酰胺接枝聚合反应研究

制备了羧甲基甲壳素接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物,讨论了反映温度、时间、引发剂用量、溶剂用量、单体用量对接枝反应的影响。最佳反应条件为：羧甲基甲壳素0．4g,溶济水50mL,引发剂60mg,单体1．6g,反应温度50℃,反应时间3．0h。     

超声微波耦合制备P(AM-DMC-BA)及其污泥脱水研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主单体、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为阳离子单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(V-50)为引发剂,通过微波和超声耦合技术合成新型高效阳离子共聚物絮凝剂P(AM-DMC-BA)。考察了原料对P(AM-DMC-BA)特性黏度及转化率的影响,P(AM-DMC-BA)对其进行了表征,并用于污泥脱水实验。结果表明,当单体AM、DMC、BA的质量分数分别为22.5%、7.5%、1%,引发剂V-50的质量分数为2%,尿素的质量分数为1.2%,聚合体系pH为3.5,制得的P(AM-DMC-BA)的特性黏度及转化率最高。当共聚物投加量为45 mg/L、污泥溶液pH为7时,其对污泥有较好的脱水性能,且具有良好的pH抗性。     

适用于“一步酸溶法”生产氧化铝工艺中稀释料浆的高分子絮凝剂的合成

为达到"一步酸溶法"生产氧化铝工艺中稀释料浆在高温、高酸度工况下进行固液高效分离的目的,以丙烯酰胺(AM)与阳离子(DMDAAC)为共聚单体,通过水溶液聚合法合成了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)絮凝剂。以转化率和相对分子质量为目标,通过单因素分析法确定了最优的合成工艺条件,即反应温度30℃,单体总质量分数为30%,阳离子度5%,K2S2O8和NaHSO3质量分数均为0.005%,2,2′-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷盐酸盐)(V50)质量分数为0.0025%,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)质量分数为0.05%的条件下,反应时间为6 h,获得相对分子质量为1.2×107溶解性能较好的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)。     

AM与HEMA共聚制备水凝胶接触镜材料及其溶胀性能

采用丙烯酰胺(AM)与甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)进行本体共聚制备水凝胶接触镜材料,研究了水凝胶的溶胀性能及其温度和pH值敏感性。结果表明,引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)用量为反应单体总质量的0.3%、反应温度80℃,产物溶胀之后为无色透明的玻璃状水凝胶;共聚物水凝胶具有较好的pH值敏感性,水凝胶在酸性溶液中溶胀,在碱性溶液中收缩:含有AM的水凝胶,其pH值敏感性较大:随AM的含量增大,共聚物水凝胶的溶胀速度和饱和含水量增大,随温度升高,水凝胶的饱和含水量下降,共聚物水凝胶中AM的含量对其温度敏感性无显著影响:SEM照片显示,AM与HEMA共聚物存在均匀的纤维状结构,并且共聚物中AM的含量越大,这种纤维状结构越大、越明显。