考虑日照影响的环境温度作用谱修正方法

为了建立自然气候环境温度作用的定量模式,首先探讨了自然气候环境温度变化规律、混凝土内部微环境温度响应滞后特征以及自然气候环境温度作用谱构筑方法,然后研究了日照对混凝土表面温度的影响,最后提出了无遮挡条件下自然气候环境温度作用谱的修正方法,并通过对自然气候环境无遮挡条件下混凝土内部微环境温度响应的预测来验证该修正方法的可行性.结果表明：日照作用下混凝土表面温度基本高于大气温度;可以采用气温日较差Rm指标来衡量日照作用大小;随着Rm的增大,混凝土表面温度增量呈线性增加;以修正环境温度作用谱预测自然气候环境无遮挡条件下混凝土内部微环境温度响应时,预测精度得到提高,因此该修正方法具有可行性.     

基于OpenSees的RC平面框架抗倒塌试验模拟与分析(之一)

基于OpenSees分析平台,以位移控制方法加载,对湖南大学平面框架抗倒塌试验进行非线性静力抗倒塌数值模拟,验证了OpenSees几何非线性分析方法及约束处理方法的有效性。给出梁柱构件的轴力图,分析梁、柱截面弯矩-曲率、P-M相关曲线,确定了基于变形的屈服准则,通过对模拟结果的后处理得出了平面框架的塑性铰分布及发展情况;提取梁柱单元内力,根据轴力及弯矩包络曲线考察梁柱内力变化规律。通过数值分析,深入探讨了框架结构的抗倒塌机制和抗力分布情况。     

地震作用下建筑室外安全距离的界定

首先简单叙述了地震对建筑室外安全距离的影响,建立了地震作用下一般坠落物体的数据模型.而后通过对坠物有阻力下落运动分析和建筑动力计算,揭示了地震作用下建筑室外安全距离的界定方法.最后为确保其可操作性,引入一个真实工程,进行了实例验证.     

Understanding ground deformation mechanisms for multi-propped excavation in soft clay

Deep excavation works are carried out to construct underground infrastructures such as deep basements, subways, and service tunnels. The execution of these deep excavation works requires the use of retaining walls and bracing systems. Inadequate support systems have always been of major concern, as excessive ground movement induced during excavation could cause damage to neighboring structures, resulting in delays, disputes, and cost overruns. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in soil excavations, centrifuge model tests of deep excavations in slightly over-consolidated soft clay have been carried out using a newly developed testing system, in which the construction sequence of a multi-propped wall for deep excavations can be simulated in flight. Deformation mechanisms are observed using Particle Image Velocimetry. Settlements of the ground surface and changes in pore water pressure are monitored during the excavation. The effects of prop stiffness, wall rigidity, and excavation geometry on the characteristics of ground deformation and soil–structure interaction are demonstrated and discussed. The use of the conservation of energy within the framework of the mobilizable strength design in calculating ground movements is validated and shown to perform satisfactorily.     

Coordination mechanisms for decentralized parallel systems

On resource sharing platforms, the execution of the jobs submitted by users is usually controlled by a centralized global scheduler. It determines efficient schedules regarding some common objective function that all organizations agree with (for instance, maximizing the utilization of the entire platform). However, in practice, each organization is mostly interested in the performance obtained for its own jobs. We study the price that the collectivity must pay in order to allow independence to selfish, self‐governing organizations, so they can choose the best schedules for their own jobs. In other words, we are interested in analyzing the costs on the global performance inflicted by the decentralization of scheduling policies. We present a game‐theoretic model for the problem and the associated coordination mechanisms developed to reduce the cost of the decentralization of the decision‐making process. The main contribution is to show (in theory and practice) how to devise pure Nash equilibria configurations for every instance of the problem and to prove that the price paid by the collectivity depends on the local scheduling policy and on the characteristics of the workload executed on such platforms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

影响备自投装置正确动作原因分析及改进措施

备自动装置在电网中的应用使得在电网发生故障后,仍能保证电网持续可靠供电的一种装置,对电网的安全稳定运行具有重要作用。本文阐述了备自投装置不正确动作的常见原因,针对存在的不足,制定了相应的改进措施,以提高电网供电的可靠性。     

Transition‐Metal‐Free Magnesium‐Based Batteries Activated by Anionic Insertion into Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets

Considering resource abundance, high volumetric energy density, and safer anodic electroplating, the Mg‐based battery is thought to be one of the most promising systems beyond current Li‐ion batteries. However, the development of Mg batteries is hindered by the narrow electrochemical window of electrolytes as well as by inapplicable cathode frameworks. In this work, it is proposed, for the first time, to utilize a fast surface redox process to replace sluggish lattice migration for improving the kinetics of Mg batteries. Taking fluorinated graphene nanosheets (FGSs) as model material, a reversible capacity higher than 100 mAh g^?1 is achieved in a pseudocapacitance behavior from 2.75 to 0.5 V. Different from traditional storage mechanisms, this proof‐of‐concept Mg/FGS system is activated by a prior anionic process followed by reversible cationic storage. The dilution of charge density by forming large‐sized monovalent complex cations and the easy access to surface redox sites are responsible for the negligible voltage polarization without an evident MgF₂ nucleation phenomenon.     

Sliding wear response of a grey cast iron: Effects of some experimental parameters

This investigation pertains to the influence of some test parameters like applied load, sliding speed and test environment on the sliding wear behaviour of a grey cast iron. Properties studied were wear rate, frictional heating and friction coefficient in dry and oil lubricated conditions. The wear response of the samples has been discussed in terms of specific characteristics like load bearing, lubricating and cracking tendency of different microconstituents of the cast iron. Examination of wear surfaces, subsurface regions and debris particles has also been carried out to understand the operating wear mechanisms and further substantiate the observed response of the samples.     

TiB_2含量对原位反应合成TiB_2/B_4C复合材料的组织结构和力学性能的影响(英文)

以B4C,TiO2和石墨粉为原料,采用原位反应热压烧结工艺(2050℃,35MPa,1h)制备了致密的TiB2含量为10%～40%(体积分数)的TiB2/B4C复合材料,并对复合材料的组织结构和力学性能进行了研究。扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析结果表明:在B4C晶内及晶界处均匀分布着纳米或亚微米级的TiB2颗粒,随着TiB2含量的增加,弹性模量和断裂韧性明显增大,而弹性模量和抗弯强度却随之减小。40%(体积分数)TiB2/B4C复合材料具有高的断裂韧性,高达8.2MPam1/2,主要增韧机制由微裂纹增韧和裂纹偏转增韧。