钻井井喷失控井喷流出口速度预测方法研究

失控井喷流出口速度、喷口内压力、喷层产量都是井喷失控处理方案设计、作业施工中重要的基础数据。由于井喷失控井井口环境条件复杂，井喷失控后无法在井口安装测量仪表及在高速喷流中放入参照物，不能直接获取以上数据。文章利用地质、钻井过程获得的地层物性参数和气体动力学方程，探讨井喷失控井天然气喷流在不同井筒流动尺寸及组合的喷流速度预测模型，可应用薄剪切模型或RNG修正的k-ε模型定量描述速度场、温度场、浓度场颁。为井喷失控井处理方案设计、施工作业提供基础数据。     

柴油蜡晶的理论形态预测与显微实际形态的比较

采用BFDH模型和AE模型预测柴油中蜡晶的理论形态，与通过相衬光学显微镜在冷环境平台上观察柴油蜡晶在低温下析出的实际形态。以及加入低温流动性改进剂T1804的柴油蜡晶形态进行比较研究。以十八烷晶体和二十三烷晶体作为柴油蜡晶中偶数正构烷烃和奇数正构烷烃的模型化合物，得到它们的晶体理论形态为六面体薄片状晶体。不同降温速率下得到的蜡晶的实际形态与大小均不同。快速降温条件下得到的晶体形态主要为六边形、菱形和其它少数不规则多边形薄片状集合体；慢速降温条件下得到的柴油蜡晶的形态比较完整，为六边形片状，与通过BFDH和AE模型得到的十八烷即偶数正构烷烃的形态比较接近。柴油加T1804后，快速降温时，出现更多细小的无规则晶体，且很快聚集成片状晶体；慢速降温时，出现晶体的数目要多于未加剂柴油，形状不规则，且尺寸小于未加剂柴油。     

Valorisation of waste fractions from autohydrolysis of selected lignocellulosic materials

Non‐isothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials in aqueous media (autohydrolysis reaction) under mild conditions leads to solutions containing valuable chemicals (oligosaccharides, sugars and acetic acid) and other, undesired, compounds (belonging to the extractive and acid‐soluble lignin fractions) which have to be removed in further purification treatments. Liquors obtained by non‐isothermal autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood and corncobs under a variety of operational conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate in order to remove non‐saccharide components, and the suitability of the fraction dissolved in the organic phase was assayed for possible utilisation as an antioxidant. The yield and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extracts (measured by the α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity) showed a strong dependence on the autohydrolysis conditions. The antioxidant activity of extracts obtained under selected operational conditions compared well with synthetic antioxidants. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

运行电站爆破震动控制研究

结合大渡河龚咀水电站下游河床整治爆破开挖拓宽，重点研究了爆破震动对运行电站机组及其仪表的影响，探讨了爆破震动安全判据和控制标准，用了若干实际工程采用的经验指标进行对比分析，所得结论意见可供同类工程作为爆震安全控制参考。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下储层预测

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系的膏盐岩沉积面积达5×104km2,天然气的勘探程度很低。为此,利用测井技术和地震反演技术对盐下储层进行了预测。首先,通过对盐下沉积特征的综合分析,对盐下储集层段的发育层位和主要储集岩类型进行了描述;然后,采用ELAN测井技术对盐下储层的物性进行了分析,认为盐下储层的物性在普遍较差的背景上存在相对发育的层段和区带;最后,利用全局优化多道地震反演技术,对岩下储层进行了预测,认为盐下存在的局部隆起是圈闭和储层发育的有利区带。     

Night and Day: Are Siblings as Different in Temperament as Parents Say They Are?

Twin studies suggest that parent ratings of temperament exaggerate differences between twins. The present study examined whether such contrast effects also operate for nontwin siblings. The activity level (AL) and shyness of 95 nontwin sibling pairs (ages 3 to 8 years) were assessed via parent ratings and objective measures (actigraph and observer ratings). Siblings showed no resemblance in either parent-rated AL or shyness; however, sibling resemblance for actigraph AL and observer-rated shyness was substantial. Thus, parents do contrast their nontwin siblings when rating these 2 temperament dimensions. Moreover, the importance of sibling differences in temperament to the sibling relationship and differential maternal treatment varied across the different measures of AL and shyness, suggesting that parent perceptions may play a role in these associations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of the oxide support on the propane ammoxidation with Sb–V–O-based catalysts

The role of Nb₂O₅ and γ-Al₂O₃ oxide supports on the ammoxidation of propane on supported mixed Sb–V oxide at different Sb+V surface coverages is studied. Sb and V oxide species on alumina and on niobia support show different structural features that reflect in different performance during the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. Niobia-supported catalysts are much more selective to acrylonitrile than alumina-supported ones. Alumina interacts weakly with the supported oxides while niobia forms new phases through solid state reactions with the supported oxides during catalytic operation that must account for its higher selectivity values towards acrylonitrile and higher specific rate of acrylonitrile formation per vanadium site.     

高温酸化助排剂HC2-1的研究

为了满足高温油藏和深井酸化作业残酸返排的需要，通过表面活性剂的筛选和复配研究，得到了高温酸化助排剂HC2—1。其性能评价结果表明，HC2—1具有使用浓度低、表面活性高的特点，在20％的HCI溶液中，当其浓度为50mg／L时，表面张力为20．7mN／m；具有良好的耐温性能，在180℃下恒温48h，HC2—1仍保持较高的表面活性；具有良好的耐盐能力，加有HC2—1的20％HCl溶液和CaCO3反应至HCl完全消耗，整个反应过程体系无新相生成且表面张力基本不变；可增大酸液体系的润湿角，进一步降低毛细管阻力，使酸液返排率由46％提高到97％，在促进酸液返排的同时与原油不发生乳化反应。     

利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测

采用短时窗离散傅里叶变换的频谱分解技术,实现了在频率域内通过调谐振幅的成像特征来研究储层横向变化规律的目标,最大限度地挖掘了地震资料主频至高频端的地震分辨能力。本文介绍了谱分解技术的基本原理、谱分解数据体的类型及其解释方法,充分利用谱分解得到的一系列单一频率的调谐振幅数据体研究辽河盆地东部凹陷西斜坡铁匠炉地区近源沉积砂砾岩储层,查清了该套储层沉积相带的平面分布和有效储层横向展布特征,预测结果已被钻井所证实。     

甲基叔戊基醚合成反应的热力学分析

利用戊烯与甲醇合成甲基叔戊基醚(TAME)反应的热力学平衡实验数据, 选择不同的混合活度模型,分别计算得到了该反应体系的平衡常数,并与理论计算得到的平衡常数相比较,筛选出了适合该反应体系的活度计算模型.