Interfacial adhesion reaction of polyethylene and starch blends using maleated polyethylene reactive compatibilizer

The interfacial reaction of the polyethylene (PE)/starch blend system containing the reactive compatibilizer maleated polyethylene (m‐PE) was directly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A significant amount of anhydride groups on m‐PE existed as hydrolyzed forms, resulting in a large amount of carboxyl groups. Using a vacuum‐heating‐cell designed in the laboratory, the carboxyl groups were successfully transformed into the dehydrolyzed state (i.e., anhydride group). This result enabled the direct spectroscopic observation of chemical reaction occurring at the interface. For the PE/starch blend system containing m‐PE, the chemical reaction at the interface was verified by the evolution of ester and carboxyl groups in the FTIR spectra. The effect of the reactive compatibilizer on the interfacial morphology was also examined by scanning electron micrography (SEM). Enhanced interfacial adhesion was clearly observed for the blend system containing reactive compatibilizer. Tensile strengths of blend systems containing m‐PE also increased noticeably compared with the corresponding system without compatibilizer. A similar observation was made for the breaking elongation data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 767–776, 2002     

The use of wood pulp and radiation‐modified starch in wastewater treatment

Radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of maize starch/acrylic acid has been performed. Also, natural byproduct wood pulp was used after chemical treatment for the removal of metal ions from the investigated wastewater. The surface and structure morphology of the wood pulp and starch/acrylic acid were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The physical parameters, such as swelling, gel percentage, and grafting efficiency (%) of starch/acrylic acid copolymer, were studied. The factors affecting the abilities of the prepared materials for removing heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous solutions were studied. It was found that the maximum metal uptake is in the following sequence: Fe³⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺. The adsorption capacity of such investigated metal ions increases with the increase of pH values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

Crystallization behavior of starch‐filled polypropylene

Starches of different granule sizes, including corn, rice, and amaranth starches, were used to prepare starch‐filled polypropylene (PP) and the effect of starch granule size on crystallization behavior PP was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to monitor the energy changes of the crystallization of the melt and to characterize the morphology of PP/starch composites, respectively. Little interaction was observed between starch and PP despite the difference in starch granule size. The crystallization temperature of PP decreased with the addition of starch and this decrease became more apparent with increasing starch granule size. During nonisothermal crystallization, the dependency of the relative degree of crystallinity on time was described by the Avrami equation. The addition of starch decreased the overall crystallization rate of PP, which was attributed to an increase in the activation energy of crystallization under nonisothermal conditions according to the Kissinger equation. An increase in starch granule size of starch would increase the crystallization activation energy of PP and consequently decrease its crystallization rate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 484–492, 2004     

PCRBSC材料的原位凝固成型制备

依据淀粉颗粒的水中润胀吸水，在加热时产生糊化的特性，实现了一种新的陶瓷原位凝固成型方法。在固相含量接近50％(体积分数)的SiC陶瓷料浆中引入约3％(质量分数)的淀粉，用水溶加热的方法可以原位凝固成型各种形态的SiC陶瓷部件，获得致密、均匀的PCRBSC和RBSC坯体。经真空渗硅，制备出微现结构均匀，性能良好的SiC材料。     

马来酸酯类可聚合乳化剂在反相乳液聚合中的应用

以Span60和马来酸酐为原料,合成了一种马来酸酯类可聚合乳化剂(MPE),并将其应用于淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺乳液反相聚合反应中,探讨了引发剂浓度等反应条件对可聚合乳化剂的转化率以及接枝率等指标的影响。实验表明,以MPE作为乳化剂的淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺反应的最佳反应条件为:引发剂浓度为2.0×10-4mol/L;引发剂过硫酸铵与尿素配比为1.0∶1.5,接枝聚合反应的单体转化率可达到69.32%;MPE质量浓度为82 g/L较合适,最佳反应时间为4 h,反应温度为55℃。     

一种新型阳离子型淀粉接枝改性絮凝剂的制备

采用自制引发剂,通过水溶液聚合制备了淀粉(St)、丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚物。并以此为原材料进行羟甲基化反应,再与二氰二胺缩合脱水,制备出了阳离子淀粉接枝絮凝剂。羟甲基化反应最佳反应条件为:温度θ=50℃;pH=10;n(HCHO)∶n(St-AM)=1.1∶1.0;t=2 h;与二氰二胺缩合脱水的最佳反应条件:羟甲基化接枝物与二氰二胺的摩尔比为1∶1;pH=4;t=3 h;温度θ=45℃。产品特性黏数为1 023 mL/g,阳离子化度为50%。     

大米淀粉回生特性及控制技术研究进展

大米是我国的主食原料之一,在储藏过程中容易出现硬度增加、黏性下降、脱水等品质劣化现象,制约了大米主食品的发展.大米的主要成分淀粉易回生是导致大米主食品储藏过程中品质劣变的主要因素之一,本文重点阐述了大米淀粉的结构及大米中其他主要成分对回生特性的影响.根据国内外的研究动态,综述了常用于控制大米淀粉回生的技术方法,以期为大米主食品的品质改良、延长大米主食品的货架期提供思路.     

大豆浓缩磷脂的马来酸酐酰化改性研究

以马来酸酐为酰化试剂,与大豆浓缩磷脂进行酰化改性反应,探讨了马来酸酐用量、反应时间、反应温度等对浓缩磷脂酰化改性的影响.结果表明:酰化试剂用量为5%,时间为30 min,温度为55℃时,浓缩磷脂的酸价从18.45 mg/g升至58.85 mg/g,酰化率达87.35%,再用碱中和酰化磷脂降低酸价.由红外光谱测定酰化改性磷脂结构可知:在1 500~1 700 cm-1有吸收峰,即酰胺基团的引入;比拟法测定HLB值达5~7,乳化性能有明显的提高和改善.     

变性淀粉的应用研究

本文主要介绍了变性淀粉在食品行业中的应用,尤其是在几种肉制品(肉罐头、肉丸、灌肠制品和油炸肉制品)中应用,并简要阐述了变性淀粉在造纸行业、纺织工业和制药行业中的应用。     

利川山药淀粉糊化特性研究

利用快速黏度仪（ RVA）研究了pH、食盐、α-淀粉酶及蔗糖对山药淀粉糊化特性的影响,并与马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、玉米淀粉的糊化特性进行比较。结果表明,利川山药淀粉较红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉更容易老化,热稳定性优于马铃薯淀粉。当pH为5时,山药淀粉的热稳定性与抗老化能力得到改善;食盐使淀粉糊化温度提高;淀粉酶使山药淀粉的峰黏度、谷黏度、终黏度、回生值降低;蔗糖使山药淀粉在高温下的稳定性以及抗老化能力降低。结论：pH、蔗糖、淀粉酶、盐对利川山药淀粉的糊化特性影响较大。