电解液添加剂对锌电极性能的影响

研究了碱性介质中电解液添加剂二乙胺和三乙胺的混合物对锌电极性能的影响。氧化锌溶解度测试和循环伏安测试的研究结果表明,添加二者的混合物可以降低ZnO在电解液中的溶解度,从而减缓锌电极的变形和枝晶;添加合适比例的二者混合物可以提高锌电极的循环稳定性。当添加0.3%wt二乙胺+0.3%wt三乙胺时效果最好。     

碳纳米管在矿物油中的高温摩擦性能研究

用多功能SRV试验机考察了碳纳米管在不同试验条件下的减摩抗磨性能。试验发现,碳纳米管能明显改善矿物油在中等条件(如温度100～300℃,速度0.08～0.16m/s和负荷100～300N)下的减摩性能,但对苛刻条件如高温(500℃)和高负荷(500N)、高速(0.20m/s)下的减摩性能没有明显改善。碳纳米管对矿物油的抗磨性能的影响与试验条件有关,碳纳米管能明显改善矿物油在较为苛刻条件下的抗磨性能。     

Effectiveness of lubricant additives for copper‐alloy‐steel sliding contacts

A selection of additives and their performance and compatibility with a variety of copper alloys have been evaluated in an SRV test set‐up. The tests show a remarkable variation of tribological behaviour with a clear relation to both the type of lubricant / additive and the type of alloy. One ester‐based additive showed outstanding friction and wear reduction for some groups of copper alloys. In order to better understand the fundamental mechanisms, we applied a variety of surface analyses, such as 3D confocal white light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron microscopy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

白水溶解湿部化学助剂对系统留着性的影响

分别利用清水和白水溶解各种化学助剂,考察了浆料与填料的留着性。结果表明:与清水溶解化学助剂相比,利用白水溶解CPAM和膨润土以及固着剂,所得到的助留效果基本一致。因此,工厂利用白水溶解CPAM和膨润土以及固着剂是可行的,对系统的留着性不会产生不利影响。     

Wood preservation by a mixed anhydride treatment: A 13C‐NMR investigation of simple models of polymeric wood constituents

The treatment of wood by a mixed aceto/oleic (or other fatty acid residue) anhydride promoted as a safe and environmentally friendly wood preservation system was examined quantitatively by liquid‐phase ¹³C‐NMR and solid‐phase magic angle spinning–DEC (proton decoupling) ¹³C‐NMR through of all its different stages to determine which reactions occurred with simple model compounds of the polymeric constituents of wood. The preparation of the mixed aceto/oleic anhydride under different conditions was also undertaken. The anhydride formed, but its percentage yield was only 30%. The mix composed of unreacted acetic anhydride, the mixed aceto/oleic anhydride, and a large proportion of free acetic and oleic acid, which are used for wood preservation, yielded the acetylation of the lignin model compound (1) by the reaction of the acetic anhydride with it and (2) by the reaction of the acetic part of the mixed anhydride. In this reaction, all of the mixed anhydride was consumed. The oleic part of the mixed anhydride was unable to form esters with either lignin or wood holocellulose as it was far less reactive than the acetic part. Some acetylation of holocellulose occurred, and some traces of its oleic acid ester also occurred under some conditions. This system of treatment through a mixed anhydride appeared to consist of just an acetylation with acetic anhydride mixed with some oleic acid as a water repellent, both of which are already known processes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Preparation of polypropylene–clay nanocomposites by the co‐intercalation of modified polypropylene and short‐chain amide molecules

The effect of short‐chain amide (AM) molecules on the intercalation of montmorillonite clay has been investigated by the melt blending of polypropylene (PP) with clay in the presence of AM molecules such as 13‐cis‐docosenamide (erucamide). Polypropylene–clay nanocomposites (PPCNs) were prepared by the co‐intercalation of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP–MA) and an AM compound. The resulting nanocomposite structures were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy, whereas the thermal characterization of the PPCNs was conducted by thermogravimetric analysis. XRD results showed that the AM molecules intercalated into clay galleries and increased the interlayer spacing, a result confirmed by surface energy (contact angle) and melt flow index measurements. This additive allowed the formation of an intercalated nanocomposite structure, but an exfoliated PPCN structure was also formed with the use of AM with a PP–MA‐based compatibilizer. A new preparation method for PPCNs was, therefore, developed by the co‐intercalation of AM and PP–MA; this resulted in a significantly improved degree of intercalation and dispersion. The enhanced thermal stability of PPCN, relative to pure PP, further demonstrated the improved clay dispersion in the nanocomposite structures prepared by this method. A possible mechanism for the co‐intercalation of AM and PP–MA into the clay galleries is proposed, based on hydrogen bonding between these additives and the silicate layers. Consideration is also given to possible chemical reactions and physical interactions in this rather complex system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Effect of antistatic additives on mechanical and electrical properties of polyethylene foams

Polyethylene foams with different antistatic additives (Atmer 7325, Atmer 7105, and Atmer 190) were prepared by extrusion and stored during 6 months of time span in a real life environment. The antistatic performance was evaluated by measuring the surface resistivity and throughout decay‐time experiments. Mechanical properties and migration tests were also performed. It was found that the migration of antistatic agents is in general low enough, which allows to maintain the antistatic performance for periods of time larger than 6 months. The tests revealed that the desired low surface resistance and required low static decay time could be achieved with all the antistatic agents under test. Moreover, the additives with amina (Atmer 7105 and 7325) as an active agent showed slightly better antistatic performance than the one with the ionic agent (Atmer 190). The addition of an antistatic agent does not significantly affect the mechanical behavior of the foam indicating a desired feature concerning industrial applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

The effects of pH and polyethylene glycol on the Cr(III) solution chemistry and electrodeposition of chromium

The effects of pH and the organic additive, polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the trivalent chromium electroplating were investigated in view of the solution stability, electrochemical reactions and the properties of deposited layer. It was sought out that the concentration of chromic complexes in the chromic bath with formic acid was closely dependent on pH. The chromic complex formation in the bath, examined by theoretical calculation and UV–vis absorption measurement, was not affected by PEG addition. However, adsorbed PEG molecules on the cathode surface caused the hydrogen evolution rate to be retarded and the deposited coating morphology smooth, small cracks and nodular structure. The variations of solution acidity and organic additive concentration affected the complex formation, the cathodic reaction and the physical property of the deposit.     

塑料助剂新品种的开发与应用

主要介绍了增塑剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、阻燃剂、抗氧剂、成核剂、抗菌剂、抗静电剂的开发、应用及发展趋势,并对国内塑料助剂生产企业的发展提出了建议。     

中乙烯基丁二烯橡胶胎面胶配方设计

在传统胎面胶配方的基础上,采用中乙烯基丁二烯橡胶代替传统的顺丁橡胶。通过添加改质剂、白炭黑及高反式-1,4-聚并戊二烯（TPI）、丁腈橡胶（NBR）部分替代配方中的天然橡胶,研究不同配方的物理性能及动态黏弹性。结果表明,添加少量的改质荆可同时实现减小滚动阻力和提高抗湿滑性。添加少量白炭黑可明显提高胶料的抗撕裂性能。NBR起到了改善胎面胶配方抗湿滑性的作用。并可降低滚动阻力和生热,还可提高胶料的耐老化性能。