Central Adiposity Is Associated With Cardiovascular Reactivity to Stress in Adolescents.

The current study examined the association between central adiposity, measured by waist circumference, and cardiovascular reactivity to stress among 106 White and 105 Black adolescents, approximately 50% of whom were girls. Participants engaged in 4 laboratory tasks while cardiovascular reactivity measures were taken. Independent of body mass index, race, and gender, participants with a greater waist circumference exhibited greater systolic blood pressure reactivity and diastolic blood pressure reactivity (boys only). Race did not affect the results. Results from the present study suggest that central adiposity is associated with blood pressure reactivity early in life, especially in adolescent boys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Skeletal Muscle–Adipose Tissue–Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer

Increased visceral adiposity may influence the development of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive tumors and cancer mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT), usually referred to as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), surrounds the prostatic gland and has emerged as a potential mediator of the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training (ET) induces several adaptations in both skeletal muscle and WAT. Some of these effects are mediated by ET-induced synthesis and secretion of several proteins, known as myo- and adipokines. Together, myokines and adipokines may act in an endocrine-like manner to favor communication between skeletal muscle and WAT, as they may work together to improve whole-body metabolic health. This crosstalk may constitute a potential mechanism by which ET exerts its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of PCa-related disorders; however, this has not yet been explored. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on the effects of skeletal muscle–WAT–tumor crosstalk in PCa, and the potential mediators of this process to provide a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in cancer.     

茯苓多糖对营养性肥胖幼鼠的降脂和肠道菌群调节作用

该研究探讨了茯苓多糖对高脂饲料喂养的营养性肥胖幼鼠的降脂及肠道菌群调节作用。将幼鼠（3周龄）随机分成正常对照组、模型组、茯苓多糖低、中、高剂量组（50、100、200 mg/kg）,每组10只。正常对照组给予普通饲料喂养,其他各组均给予高脂饲料喂养构建营养性肥胖大鼠模型,造模成功后给予茯苓多糖灌胃,1次/d,4周后进行检测。结果显示,200 mg/kg茯苓多糖干预可显著减轻营养性肥胖大鼠体质量（16.31%）及肝脏中脂肪堆积（P<0.05）,降低脂肪系数（59.88%）、Lee’s指数（13.10%）及血清中TC（45.17%）、TG（45.76%）、和LDL-C（57.14%）水平,提高HDL-C（56.16%）水平,同时提高普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）（93.33%）、拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）（159.26%）、萨特氏菌属（Sutterella）（88.70%）相对丰度及肠道菌群多样性（P<0.05）,降低厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）/拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）比值（67.01%）及摩根氏菌属（Morganella）相对丰度（37.37%）,然而茯苓多糖对营养性肥胖大鼠日均摄食量无显著影响（P>0.05）。因此,茯苓多糖可通过降低血脂、调节肠道菌群结构和增加肠道菌群多样性改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠营养性肥胖。     

普洱茶对膳食诱导肥胖大鼠降低体质量及调节细胞因子的作用

为探究普洱茶的减肥机理和保健功效,本研究以正常体质量的雄性SD大鼠作为正常对照组,将膳食诱导的肥胖SD大鼠随机分为5 组（每组8 只）：肥胖对照组,西布曲明阳性对照组和低、中、高剂量普洱茶处理组,每天灌胃给药,每周测体质量,连续给药42 d后禁食24 h,眼底取血,测定血清中的葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α）、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-1α、IL-1β、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）的水平。结果表明：低、中、高剂量普洱茶处理组与肥胖对照组相比,大鼠体质量分别显著下降了24.80%、26.59%和27.62%（P＜0.05）;LDL-C浓度显著下降了7.11%、9.11%和25.74%（P＜0.05）,葡萄糖浓度极显著下降了57.3%、67.1%、72.7%（P＜0.01）,胰岛素含量下降了8.6%、17.2%、41.7%,瘦素质量浓度极显著下降了68.6%、66.8%和64.6%（P＜0.01）,VEGF质量浓度极显著下降了45.3%、44.6%、40.5%（P＜0.01）,TNF-α质量浓度极显著下降了25.0%、27.8%、33.3%（P＜0.01）;HDL-C浓度显著升高了20.4%、22.2%、25.0%（P＜0.05）;脂联素质量浓度显著增加了5.9%、7.6%和9.7%（P＜0.05）,IL-1α质量浓度升高,IL-1β质量浓度降低,调节了IL-1α/IL-1β的比例,因此,普洱茶对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠具有减轻体质量和调节细胞因子的作用。     

Social relationships and negative emotional traits are associated with central adiposity and arterial stiffness in healthy adolescents.

Objective: We examined the role of social relationships and negative emotional traits in the development of central adiposity and arterial stiffness in healthy adolescents. Design: A prospective, longitudinal study examined 213 Black and White adolescents (50% Black, 51% female); 160 returned for a second assessment approximately 3 years later. Main Outcome Measures: Psychosocial variables at both assessments were measured with the Measurement of Attachment Qualities (Carver, 1997), Social Relationships Index (study entry only; Uchino, Holt-Lunstad, Uno, & Flinders, 2001), Spielberger Trait Anger and Anxiety (Spielberger et al., 1979), and the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale (Cook & Medley, 1954). Central adiposity was assessed by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) at both assessments and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) at the second assessment only. Results: Linear regression models controlled for demographic variables and body mass index showed that adolescents with less Supportive Relationships (β = ?.121, p = .05) and higher Trait Anger (β = .117, p = .05) had increased WHR over time, adjusted for initial WHR. Those with higher Attachment Anxiety (β = .211, p = .01) and Total Hostility (β = .234, p     

The Beneficial Effects of Combined Grape Pomace and Omija Fruit Extracts on Hyperglycemia,Adiposity and Hepatic Steatosis in db/db Mice: A Comparison with Major Index Compounds

This study investigated the effects of combined grape pomace and omija fruit extracts (GO) on diabetes-related metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The effects of GO were compared with those of a resveratrol and schizandrin mixture (RS), which is a mixture of major components of GO. Mice were fed a normal diet with RS (0.005% resveratrol and 0.02% schizandrin in diet, w/w) or GO (0.3% grape pomace ethanol extract and 0.05% omija fruit ethanol extract in diet, w/w) for seven weeks. RS and GO not only lowered the levels of blood and plasma glucose, HbA_1c, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with a simultaneous decrease in hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes activities and adiposity, but also improved preservation of the pancreatic β-cells. Plasma leptin and resistin levels were lower while the plasma adiponectin level was higher in the RS and GO groups than in the control group. Especially, GO increased hepatic glucokinase activity and gene expression and improved hepatic steatosis by elevating fatty acid oxidation compared to RS. These findings suggest that GO ameliorates hyperglycemia, adiposity and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic mice.     

The Relationship Between Iron Status and Adiposity in Women from Developing Countries: A Review

Scientific reports have shown that iron deficiency is positively associated with adiposity. With the high prevalence of iron deficiency and obesity in developing countries and women being particularly affected, this review was carried out with the aim of elucidating the link between iron status and adiposity in women from developing countries and to examine factors influencing this relationship. An extensive literature search was conducted using several search engines. A systematic approach with prespecified inclusion criteria was used in selecting relevant literature. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review. The relationship between iron status indices and adiposity in women in developing countries varied widely. While some studies observed negative relationships, some reported positive relationships, and others no significant relationships. Furthermore, other factors such as infection, alcohol consumption, type of diet, and genes were shown to affect the relationship between iron status and adiposity in women in developing countries. In conclusion, the possibility of iron status playing a role in adiposity in women from developing countries is likely, and it may be influenced by several other factors as described in the results. Thus, it is recommended that a special research effort should be directed toward this area.     

黑米花色苷提取物对高脂膳食诱导大鼠肥胖形成的影响

研究黑米花色苷提取物对高脂膳食诱导大鼠肥胖的影响.将体重在180～220g左右的48只雄性SD大鼠根据体重随机分为四组,其中三个实验组分别在大鼠正常饲料中添加高脂饲料、黑米花色苷提取物以及高脂 黑米花色苷提取物混合物.喂饲大鼠12周后处死大鼠,收集血液、组织标本检测.结果表明,黑米花色苷提取物能够显著抑制高脂诱导的大鼠体重增加,同时也抑制了白色脂肪组织的生长,血脂中甘油三酯水平的升高及脂质在肝脏组织的堆积.研究结果显示:黑米花色苷提取物能够改善高脂膳食诱导的大鼠肥胖相关指标.