海南1420mm四辊可逆式冷轧机设计

介绍了海南１４２０ｍｍ四辊可逆式冷轧机组的概况，主要机组的工艺参数、装备及自动化水平。该轧机具有轧制薄规格（０．２５ｍｍ）冷带的能力，并具有可灵活组织小批量、多品种、多规格产品生产的特点。     

Relation between impurities and oxide-scale growth mechanisms on Ni-34Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys. II. Influence of sulphur

The oxidation of presulphidized Ni-Cr alloys has been studied by taking into account the influence of the two distinct oxidation mechanisms described in part I of this article. Sulphur enters the Cr₂O₃ scale (in Ni-34Cr alloys) mainly as S^2– species, which at high temperatures increases the V_Cr content, and hence the oxidation kinetics. Sulphur is randomly distributed in the scale, except at the inner oxide-alloy interface, where intergranular microsulphides are analyzed in the oxide-scale zone. In the case of NiO, NiCr₂O₄, Cr₂O₃ oxide multilayers (in a Ni-20Cr alloy), sulphur in the S^2– state is distributed in the oxide layers or at Si-precipitate interfaces. Such a distribution leads to crack formation, especially during cooling.     

Effect ofθ-alumina formation on the growth kinetics of alumina-forming superalloys

Alumina-forming ODS superalloys are excellent oxidation-resistant materials. Their resistance relies upon the establishment of a stable, slow-growing, and adherent -alumina. In the present investigation, these alloys exhibited unstable and relatively less adherent -alumina phase, which increased the oxidation rate in the transient stage and converted into -alumina in the later part of the exposure. The oxide-growth process was found to depend upon various parameters such as temperature, time, and presence of an active elecment in the superalloy. Characterization carried out by XRD, SEM/EDAX, and AES on oxidized ODS and non-ODS alloys demonstrated a significant influence of the active element, Y, on the transformation of - to -alumina. SIMS analysis of two-stage oxidation at 900°C for two different durations evidently showed that the change in the transport process is due to -to--alumina transformation. On the basis of these results, a new and consistent mechanism is proposed to explain the influence of -alumina and its transformation on growth kinetics and the effect of yttrium on the transformation leading to good scale adherence and oxidation resistance.     

钛合金表面双层辉光离子渗铝的研究

利用双层辉光渗金属技术，以铝为源极、TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)为阴极、氩气为工作气体，依靠辉光放电和不等电位空心阴极效应在TC4表面形成合金层。采用X射线衍射和辉光放电光谱分析了合金层的相组成及渗层内Al元素的分布．并对其进行硬度测试。结果表明：渗层由Ti3Al和α-Ti组成；铝的含量可达18％；渗层厚度可达13μm；其硬度比经渗铝处理后的有了较大程度的提高。     

High temperature oxidation mechanism of dilute copper aluminium alloys

Dilute copper-aluminium alloys were oxidized in air from 700 to 1000 °C. Two distinctive behaviours were observed: alloys with at least 3 wt% aluminium showed excellent oxidation resistance in the whole temperature range. Alloys with 2 wt% or less aluminium exhibited good oxidation resistance up to 800 °C; but as the temperature was further increased, the oxidation rate of these alloys increased and became comparable to that of pure copper. A kinetic model was developed to explain the oxidation behaviour and indirectly determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in the alloys tested. It was found that the oxygen dissolved in alloys with up to 2 wt% Al exceeded its solubility limit in copper, whereas the dissolved oxygen in alloys with higher aluminium contents was below the solubility limit. This difference may account for the significantly different oxidation resistance.     

纳米复合电刷镀层微观组织及其成形过程中的氧化现象

研究了n—Al2O3／Ni纳米复合刷镀层的微观组织及其成形过程中基质金属镍的氧化现象。结果表明：复合刷镀层晶粒细小，n—Al2O3颗粒在复合刷镀层中弥散分布；在刷镀过程中，生成了大量氧化镍，它以单独的NiO颗粒形态或生成的NiO和加入的Al2O3的球形颗粒混合体形态分布在复合刷镀层晶簇内部及晶簇边界区域。提出了NiO的形成机制，即主要通过如下3种途径：①新生成镀层表面镍原子与镀液薄膜中溶解氧发生化学反应；②镍离子与溶解氧，发生电化学反应；③在碱性溶液环境中纳米颗粒表面吸附[OH]^-发生电化学反应生成NiO。     

中小型圆锥轴承套圈塔锻工艺分析

在分析国内外轴承套圈毛坯锻造工艺的基础上，介绍了轴承套圈塔锻工艺及其特点。     

电流密度对铝合金微等离子体氧化陶瓷膜抗热震性能的影响

用微等离子体氧化方法在LY12铝合金表面制备了一层氧化陶瓷膜，然后用加热一淬冷的方法进行抗热震试验，研究了电流密度对陶瓷膜抗热震性能的影响，并结合SEM、XRD等手段对试验现象和膜层的结合强度进行了分析。结果表明：随着电流密度的增加，陶瓷膜的抗热震性能降低。     

全方位展开大学的科学理性教育

过去的大学教育并非完全没有科学理性的因素 ,但由于那时要么仅仅将科学理性归结为技术理性 ,要么仅仅涉及到科学理性的某些方面 ,因此 ,我们今天特别强调要全方位地展开科学理性教育     

镧离子注入对纯锆抗高温氧化性能的影响

对纯锆表面注入了1×10~(16)ions/cm~2～1×10~(17)ions/cm~2的镧离子,并在500℃条件下进行了空气氧化增重研究。用XPS分析了注入的镧、锆的价态;用AES分析了镧锆氧三元素的深度分布;用0.3°小角X光掠射(GAXRD)分析了高温氧化时氧化锆的相转变。结果表明,纯锆表面注入La离子后,其抗高温氧化性能显著提高,且注入剂量越大效果越强,注入氧化膜以La_2O_3和ZrO_22种形式存在;由于La离子的注入,促使形成大量四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2),而且减少四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2)向单斜相氧化锆(m-ZrO_2)的转变,这是纯锆氧化速率降低的根本原因。