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161.
The gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan aqueous solutions was investigated by using polarized light scattering and X-ray diffraction techniques in terms of the liquid-liquid phase separation. When an incident beam of He-Ne gas laser was directed to the gel prepared by quenching the agarose solution, the logarithm of scattered intensity increased linearly in the initial stage and tended to deviate from this linear relationship in the latter stage. If the linear increase in the initial stage could be analyzed within the framework of the linear theory of spinodal decomposition proposed by Cahn, the phase diagram indicated that the gelation is attributed to the phase separation due to the concentration fluctuation of solution. Furthermore, in the later stage showing the deviation of the linear relationship, light scattering under Hv polarization condition showed a X-type pattern indicating the existence of optically anisotropic rods, the optical axes being parallel or perpendicular with respect to the rod axis. In spite of the existence of the rods, no crystallites were confirmed by the corresponding X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements. For κ-carrageenan solutions, the logarithm of scattered intensity against time showed a constant value. This indicated that the gelation of κ-carrageenan solutions is independent of liquid-liquid phase separation but is due to the rapid formation of cross-linking points. Accordingly it turns out that the small difference of chemical structure between agarose and κ-carrageenan causes quite different gelation mechanism. 相似文献
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163.
Charles A. Bateman Lijie Zhang Helen M. Chan Martin P. Harmer 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(5):1281-1283
It is experimentally observed that the peritectic reaction, 211 + liquid → 123, can be driven essentially to completion in 1 h at an undercooling of only ∽30°C. The kinetic data, together with the observed microstructures, are inconsistent with the normal mechanism of the peritectic reaction. It is proposed that the mechanism of the reaction involves dissolution of 211 particles into the liquid and precipitation of solid 123. The aligned grain structure is explained through sympathetic nucleation of new 123 grains on existing grains. 相似文献
164.
n-Al2O3/Ni复合镀层的组织与滑动磨损性能研究 总被引:24,自引:4,他引:20
用电刷镀技术制得了镍基n-Al2O3复合镀层,并对镀层的滑动磨损性能进行了试验研究。纳米复合镀层的表面形貌比较细腻,镀层中纳米粒子分布均匀,与基质金属结合紧密。镀层显微硬度达到HV700,比快速镍镀层提高约40%。滑动磨损试验结果表明,随着纳米粒子含量的增大,镀层的耐磨性提高,摩擦系数也呈增大趋势;但当镀层中n-Al2O3粒子的超过2.56%(质量分数)时,镀层的耐磨性显著下降。纳米复合镀层的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主,而快速镍底层以粘着磨损为主。 相似文献
165.
Determining contributions of source-monitoring and inhibitory function to age-related forgetting has been an elusive goal for cognitive theorists. Five studies used a verbal working memory paradigm to examine mechanisms accounting for disproportionate retroactive interference (RI) experienced with adult aging. Participants distinguished studied target-word pairs from interfering pairs that were read aloud. Source-monitoring and inhibitory task components varied through manipulations of response requirements. RI effects were primarily due to source-monitoring failures rather than to inhibitory failures. Removing both source and inhibitory components eliminated age differences in RI. When source monitoring was emphasized, RI continued to be observed in all age groups but disproportionately for older adults. Process dissociation analyses of memory found recollection decreases and familiarity increases consistent with source failures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
166.
阐述了石灰竖窑的预热带、煅烧带和冷却带工作衬砖蚀损机理,并讨论了如何根据耐火砖性能和石灰竖窑不同区域的蚀损机理,选择耐火材料。 相似文献
167.
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170.
坡沟系统侵蚀产沙及其耦合关系研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用变坡度坡沟系统模型和人工模拟降雨试验,定量研究了不同降雨强度下的坡沟系统产流产沙过程,揭示了坡面沟道侵蚀产沙耦合特征。结果表明:坡沟系统累积径流量和累积产沙量与降雨时间呈显著的幂函数关系,随着降雨时间的增大而增大。梁峁坡面来水径流量与沟坡净侵蚀量之间呈幂函数关系,梁峁坡面来水含沙量与沟坡净侵蚀量之间呈反线性相关。从水力学角度对坡沟系统单位水流功率与单宽输沙率的关系进行了分析,得出试验条件下的临界单位水流功率值为0.0043m/s,输沙率随单位水流功率的增大而增大。 相似文献