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81.
Wey Yang Teoh Frans Denny Rose Amal Donia Friedmann Lutz Mädler Sotiris E. Pratsinis 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,44(4):489-497
A comparative photocatalytic analysis was carried out on TiO2 made in a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) process and flame-made Degussa P25. Both have similar crystallinity, phase composition,
phase segregation and a non-porous surface. Hence comparison was made based on their difference in specific surface area,
organic adsorption and the amount of OH• generated upon illumination. The photocatalytic activity tests were carried out using
the following series of organic compounds: sucrose, glucose, fructose, maleic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, isobutyric
acid, phenol and methanol. FSP-made TiO2 outperformed P25 for saccharides mineralisation, while for phenol and methanol mineralisation P25 was better than FSP-made
TiO2. Similar mineralisation rates were observed for both FSP-made and P25 TiO2 for the mineralisation of carboxylic acids. This shows that the relative performance of the photocatalysts depends on the
type of organic compounds to be degraded. The high surface area and possibly a more efficient interfacial charge transfer
of FSP-made TiO2 provided an efficient pathway for saccharides mineralisation. As for phenol and methanol, the mineralisation rates were higher
when using P25 due to the greater amount of OH• radicals generated by this photocatalyst. The fast mineralisation rates of
carboxylic acids made degradation of these organic compounds to be less affected by the TiO2 photocatalyst properties and conditions tested in this work. 相似文献
82.
Anthony J. O'Lenick Jr. Jeffrey K. Parkinson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(7):935-937
A study was undertaken to determine the surfactant properties of various sulfated alcohols. Most notably, the Krafft point
and the ability to emulsify decane were studied. A series of sulfated Guerbet alcohol and Guerbet alcohol alkoxylate sulfates
with 16 carbon atoms and an analogous series based upon cetyl alcohol, a linear C16, were studied as hydrophobes. 相似文献
83.
Gao Sujun Zhang Daijia Sun Yaqin Xiu Zhilong 《Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China》2007,1(2):202-207
The separation of 1,3-propanediol from the glycerol-based fermentation broth of Klebsiella pneumoniae plays an important role during the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol. In this paper, the separation of 1,3-propanediol
from fermentative broth by a combination of ultrafiltration and alcohol dilution crystallization was investigated. The broth
was first filtered by ultrafiltration, and 99% of cells, 89.4% of proteins and 69% of nucleic acids were removed. The obtained
broth was further condensed by vacuum distillation, and then alcohol was added. The macromolecular impurities, such as nucleic
acids, polysaccharides and proteins, were precipitated, and inorganic and organic salts were crystallized. The optimal volume
ratio of alcohol added to the condensed fermentation broth was determined to be 2:1. As a result, proteins, nucleic acids
and electric conductivity decreased by 97.4%, 89.7% and 95.8%, respectively, compared with the fermentative broth. The influences
of pH and water content in condensed broth on alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization were also investigated. The
experimental results indicated that alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization was feasible and effective for the
separation of 1,3-propanediol from actual fermentation broth.
Translated from The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2006, 6(3): 454–457 [译自: 过程工程学报] 相似文献
84.
85.
The combined use of calorimetric and catalytic methods for the investigation of the acid-base properties of oxide systems is discussed with reference to the authors' work on pure and doped zirconia samples, ceria-zirconia and ceria-lanthana solid solutions. Adsorption microcalorimetry of ammonia and carbon dioxide had been used to characterize the samples, whose chemical and thermal history was taken into account. The catalytic behavior of these samples in the conversion of 4-methylpentan-2-ol, route to 4-methylpent-1-ene (starting product for the manufacture of polymers of superior technological properties), had also been studied. On the basis of the calorimetric data, a rationale for interpreting the data for the transformation of 4-methylpentan-2-ol is formulated, which takes into account the role of the concentration and strength of the sites in governing the competition among the various mechanisms for dehydration and dehydrogenation. 相似文献
87.
醇醚类双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以对苯氧基双月桂酸甲酯为原料,在还原剂作用下制得中间体对苯氧基双月桂醇(HBA),再在碱性条件下进行乙氧基化,得到醇醚类Gemini表面活性剂HBA(EO)n(n=9,20 4)。通过红外光谱和质谱分析确定了中间体及产物结构,测定了HBA(EO)n的物化性能结果如下:HBA(EO)20 4的γcmc=38 23mN/m;HBA(EO)9=0 001%;cmcHBA(EO)9=0 0001%。乳化时间:HBA(EO)20 4为17 36h;的γcmc=31 61mN/m。cmcHBA(EO)20 4HBA(EO)9为8 00h。浊点:HBA(EO)20 4>100℃;HBA(EO)9为90℃。湿润时间:HBA(EO)20 4为20 83s;HBA(EO)9为11 23s。泡沫高度:HBA(EO)20 4为40mm;HBA(EO)9为95mm。泡沫稳定性:HBA(EO)20 4为2%;HBA(EO)9为8%。与单链表面活性剂AEOn(n=4 5,10 2)相比较,HBA(EO)n具有更优良的表面活性。 相似文献
88.
Li?QiuxiaoEmail author Zhang?Gaoyong Peng?Shaoyi 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2002,5(3):229-233
Amination of fatty alcohols by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis is one of the main commercial processes for the
production of dimethylalkylamines. The key factor in this process is the preparation of catalysts with high selectivity. A
study of amination catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts supported on CaCO3 is reported in this paper. Selectivity of the catalysts was adjustable by varying the ratio of Cu to Ni or by adding a third
element (Zn or Mg). The promotion of catalyst selectivity was mainly attributable to the effect of the components on the reducibility
of Ni2+ in the catalysts. Lower reducibility of Ni2− led to higher catalyst selectivity. 相似文献
89.
Anthony J. O’Lenick Jr. Jeffrey K. Parkinson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(1):63-66
Knowing that dimethiconols or silanols condense under acid or alkaline catalysis, a study was undertaken to determine if these
compounds could be successfully ethoxylated under conditions similar to those used to ethoxylate fatty alcohols and acids.
It was anticipated that the condensation reaction would take precedent over ethoxylation reaction. We determined that ethoxylation
reaction occurs preferentially to condensation reaction. In addition, kinetics of ethoxylation are similar to kinetics observed
when fatty alcohols are ethoxylated. This reaction gives rise to a new class of hydrolyzable silicone compounds that have
applications in industrial as well as in personal-care products. 相似文献
90.