涤纶废产物用于制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料

将涤纶废产物用二甘醇和三元醇经酯基转移合成齐聚酯多元醇，并用其制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。该泡沫塑料具有良好的力学性能，且随着齐聚酯多元醇平均官能度的影响，力学性能随之提高；由于齐聚酯多元醇中芳香族基团含量高，泡沫塑料的铖一明显高于普通聚氨酯泡沫塑料。     

PVA基活性碳纤维的研制

探索了由民用大丝束聚乙烯醇纤维(PVAF)试制活性碳纤维(ACF)的可能性,以开辟新的原料路线,降低产品成本。PVAF首先用脱水剂处理,脱水剂浓度为10%(质量),然后在200—300℃进行热处理,处理后的纤维再经预氧化和碳化活化转化为ACF,ACF的收率为37.7%,比表面积为1050m~2/g。此外,还探索了用O_3处理PVAF。用差热、热失重和红外等手段对产物进行了表征,推论了相应的反应机理。结果表明:经适当处理的PVAF可制得具有较好吸附性能的ACF。     

Bubble temperature data for phenol-alcohol systems: Phenol-I-Amyl alcohol and phenol-n-Amyl alcohol systems

In order to supplement the literature data on VLE, isobaric bubble temperature data were collected for the binary systems phenol-i-amyl alcohol and phenol-n-amyl alcohol over the entire composition range by indirect method using a standard Swietoslawski type ebulliometer. The measurements were made at three sub-atmospheric pressures. The experimental t-x data were correlated with both equation of state method and gamma-phi methods. In the former approach, the Soave equation of state is used, whereas in the latter case Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations are used.     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化丙酸丁酯的绿色合成研究

研究了丙酸与丁醇在壳聚糖硫酸盐催化剂作用下的酯化反应,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比等因素对丙酸丁酯酯化率的影响。实验结果表明反应的最佳条件为:丙酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸摩尔比为1.4,壳聚糖硫酸盐用量为1.2g,反应时间为1.5h,酯化率达97.2%,催化剂重复使用5次仍保持较高活性。无污染产生,具有绿色合成的特点。产品经折光率、红外光谱进行了表征。     

不同性质的聚乙烯醇对聚醋酸乙烯乳液性能的影响

采用半连续乳液聚合的方法合成聚醋酸乙烯乳液。通过对乳液的粒子形态、压缩剪切强度、粘度、冻融稳定性的分析,讨论了不同性质的聚乙烯醇作为保护胶体,对聚醋酸乙烯乳液胶粘剂性能的影响。     

维生素C催化合成乳酸异戊酯

首次利用维生素C催化乳酸和异戊醇合成了乳酸异戊酯。在0．1mol乳酸，0．2mol异戊醇和0．2g维生素C作用下，回流分水60min，酯收率达60．0％。结果表明：维生素C能够代替硫酸作为乳酸酯化的催化剂。     

焙烧温度对CuMgAl催化剂催化糠醇加氢制戊二醇的影响

采用共沉淀法制得物质的量比为n(Cu²⁺)∶n(Mg²⁺)∶n(Al³⁺)=10∶65∶25的CuMgAl类水滑石前体（CMA-HT），经过不同温度焙烧制得CuMgAl水滑石催化剂。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TG）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、N₂-物理吸附、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、H₂-程序升温脱附（H₂-TPD）、CO₂-程序升温脱附（CO₂-TPD）和NH₃-程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）等对催化剂的结构进行表征，在高压反应釜中考察了CuMgAl水滑石催化剂催化糠醇（FFA）加氢制1,2-戊二醇（1,2-PeD）和1,5-戊二醇（1,5-PeD）的催化性能。研究结果表明，焙烧温度对催化剂的结构及其催化性能具有显著的影响，金属活性中心和碱性位随焙烧温度的升高先增加后减少。经600℃焙烧的CMA催化剂表面存在适宜的金属中心和碱性位，在金属位和碱性中心的协同催化下，表现出了优异的催化性能。在140℃，H₂压力为4 MPa的条件下，反应8 h，糠醇的转化率和戊二醇的收率分别达74.13%和58.36%。     

2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠的合成

采用新方法合成了2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠。先由环氧氯丙烷和亚硫酸氢钠合成中间体3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠，然后中间体再与丙烯醇在氢氧化钠催化下生成目标产物2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠。2步反应总收率在70％左右，中间体和产物分别进行了光谱表征。     

Properties of cuticular oxidases used for sex pheromone biosynthesis byHeliothis zea

Biosynthesis of the aldehydic sex pheromone components released by females ofHeliothis zea was found to be catalyzed by primary alcohol oxidases residing in the cuticle that covers the glands. Activity, as indicated by conversion of primary alcohol to aldehyde, was as high in cell-free cuticle as it was in intact pheromone glands. Studies indicated that some activity was associated with the surface of the epicuticle and could be removed, into buffer, by sonication. However, the majority of activity lies within the inner epicuticle and exo- and endocuticular layers. The oxidase was not functional in pharate pupae that did not have mature adult cuticle but became functional just prior to adult emergence. The enzyme in individual glands was saturated at alcohol concentrations above 100 n. moles. Nonionic detergents did not affect the activity of the oxidase in the cuticle but treatment with either 7 M urea or 1% SDS resulted in total loss of activity. Studies on the effect of pH indicated an optimum at 6.4; however, activity was high throughout the range of 5–9. The oxidase was functional in both dichloromethane and hexane, suggesting that this enzyme system may have applications for organic synthesis of aldehydes.     

乳液聚合中单体醋酸乙烯酯与保护胶体聚乙烯醇的接枝反应研究

研究了以聚乙烯醇为保护胶体的醋酸乙烯乳液聚合中,聚乙烯醇与单体的接枝反应。探讨了引发剂用量、聚合反应温度、保护胶体聚合度等因素对接枝反应的影响。