一种扩展水下扩频信号多普勒容限方法

扩频信号的模糊函数图呈图钉型,对多普勒频移比较敏感,影响了扩频信号的使用性能.本文分析了扩频信号的多普勒敏感性问题,提出了一种基于回波预处理的方法.首先将回波信号经过正交混频得到零中频I,Q通道信号,然后将零中频I,Q通道信号送入多普勒预处理系统进行处理,通过时间延迟处理方法得到的2个输出信号,分别经过匹配滤波器后再进行合并处理,脉压输出相关函数中不含多普勒频移和时间乘积,消除了多普勒频移对匹配滤波器输出的影响.数值仿真证明了该方法的有效性,且具有实现简单,运算量小的优点.     

Nitrite tolerance and nitrite reduction in lactic acid bacteria associated with cured meat products

The effect of 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml of nitrite on the growth of isolated and reference strains of lactic acid bacteria associated with cured meat products was studied in broth cultures and the presence of an active nitrite reductase enzyme system in these strains was determined. Half of the 10 reference strains and 16 of 25 isolated strains were resistant to all levels of nitrite tested Strains which did not show a significant decrease in growth rate or cell yield in the presence of 200 μg/ml of nitrite under anaerobic conditions were homofermentative. All heterofermentative strains showed a decrease in growth rate or cell yield or both. Inhibition due to nitrite increased as the concentration increased and was greatest under anaerobic conditions. Enzymatic ability to reduce nitrite was detected in 5 homofermentative and 1 heterofermentative strains. The presence of an active nitrite reductase enzyme system in lactic acid bacteria was not related to their resistance to nitrite.     

THE DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL IN BEER USING A BIOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

A dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, with a very high affinity for ethanol, has been incorporated into a bioelectrochemical cell and used for determining the concentration of ethanol in beer. The cell measures as little as 5–25 μg of ethanol, with a coefficient of variation of 3·1%. A wide range of beers and beer distillates have been used and the non-volatile components have been shown not to interfere with the assay. Other primary and secondary alcohols and aldehydes which are substrates for the enzyme do not contribute to the output of the cell at the concentrations in which they are normally encountered in beer. Values obtained using the cell correlate closely with those determined using a commercial test kit which incorporates a NAD-linked alcohol dehydrogenase, but results are obtained more rapidly and economically.     

基于模糊C均值聚类算法与隶属算法的容差电路软故障诊断

在聚类分析与隶属函数的基础上,提出了一种容差电路软故障诊断的新算法。对于含有容差元件的的模拟电路,由于允许电路参数在一定范围内偏离理想值,所以很难判断电路是处于正常容差状态,还是软故障状态。本文首先简述了模糊C均值（Fuzzy C-means, FCM）聚类算法与模糊控制隶属算法的基本原理。然后通过一个容差电路软故障诊断实例,以验证本文算法的有效性:首先确定容差电路的正常状态与软故障状态种类,对每一种状态进行电路仿真,获取将来进行聚类分析与故障诊断的样本。然后对采集样本进行聚类分析,利用模糊C均值聚类算法将各种状态分类,并且得到所有状态的聚类中心。最后随机模拟一种电路状态,利用模糊隶属算法,计算当前电路状态与各状态聚类中心的隶属度,判断电路处于哪一种工作状态,实现容差电路的软故障诊断。实例表明,本文算法能够准确清晰地辨别容差电路的正常状态与故障状态,仅需少量样本即可获得各种状态的典型参数,对容差电路进行客观有效的软故障诊断。      

Image defogging algorithm based on guided filtering and adaptive tolerance

Aiming at the problem of distortion of dark channel algorithm in defogging the sky region,an improved image defogging algorithm based on the guided filtering and adaptive tolerance mechanism was proposed.Firstly,the fitted transmissivity graphs were calculated for the windows with different sizes.Then,the transmissivity was further refined by the guided filtering technique.After that,the transmissivity in sky area was revised by an adaptive tolerance mechanism.Finally,the restored image was converted from RGB space to HSV space,and thus the brightness and contrast of the images could be color compensated.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm restores the images effectively and obtain preferable defogging results with regard to the processing of bright areas such as the sky areas.     

容错技术在分布式多层应用系统中的实现

在分布式多层应用系统中，把应用程序服务器分布在两台或更多的计算机中执行，根据负载平衡的原理，客户端应用程序连接到其中一台计算机的应用程序服务器要求服务。如果客户端应用程序当前连接的应用程序服务器计算机发生故障而无法继续执行，在Agent的帮助下，他可以动态连接到其他机器中的应用程序服务器继续要求新的应用程序服务器为其提供服务。如果运行应用服务器的所有机器都发生故障，仍可以在客户端保存更新的资料，待应用程序服务器的机器恢复功能后，再自动把原先保存的资料更新回远程数据库服务器中，使得分布式多层应用系统的容错性能得到极大的提高。     

Public Relations: State of the Field

Public relations is both a professional practice and a subfield of communication with its own research and theory base. Public relations is relatively young as an academic field, however, having developed identifiable theory in only about the last 50 years. The field of public relations is developing into a theoretically based area of applied communication that has the potential to inform several areas of communication/mass communication and to offer theoretic and conceptual tools useful in health, risk, and political communication, among others. Because many readers are unfamiliar with public relations theory and research, this article first reviews and summarizes theory-related scholarship in public relations, then categorizes and explains the theoretic trends in the field. The article concludes by demonstrating how one of public relations' theoretic/conceptual tools, issues management, can apply across all areas of applied communication.     

Development of Synthetic Platelet‐Activating Hydrogel Matrices to Induce Local Hemostasis

Several hemostatic strategies rely on the use of blood components such as fibrinogen and thrombin, which suffer from high cost and short shelf‐life. Here, a cost‐effective synthetic biomaterial is developed for rapid local hemostasis. Instead of using thrombin, thrombin‐receptor‐agonist‐peptide‐6 (TRAP6) is covalently engineered in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. Soluble PVA‐TRAP6 is first prepared by covalent attachment of cysteine‐containing TRAP6 onto the backbone of PVA‐norbornenes (PVA‐NB) through photoconjugation. Cytotoxicity studies using C2C12 myoblasts indicate that PVA‐NB and PVA‐TRAP6 are nontoxic. Thromboelastography reveals that hemostatic activity of TRAP6 is retained in conjugated form, which is comparable to free TRAP6 solutions with equal concentrations. A 0.1% PVA‐TRAP6 solution can shorten the clotting time (CT) to ca. 45% of the physiological CT. High platelet‐activating efficiency is further confirmed by platelet aggregation assay and flow cytometry (FACS). For potential clinical applications, TRAP6‐presenting hydrogel particulates (PVA‐TRAP6‐P) are developed for local platelet activation and hemostasis. PVA‐TRAP6‐P is prepared by biofunctionalization of photopolymerized PVA‐NB hydrogel particulates (PVA‐NB‐P) with TRAP6. It is demonstrated that PVA‐TRAP6‐P can effectively shorten the CT to ca. 50%. FACS shows that PVA‐TRAP6‐P can activate platelets to a comparable extent as soluble TRAP6 control. Altogether, PVA‐TRAP6‐P represents a promising class of biomaterials for safe hemostasis and wound healing.     

40Gb/s DWDM系统不同码型传输性能的比较

采用Optisystem软件,对比分析了非归零码(NRZ)、归零码(RZ)、载波抑制归零码(CS-RZ)和载波抑制归零差分相移键控码(CSRZ-DPSK)四种码型在8×40Gb/s DWDM系统的传输性能。结果表明,CSRZ-DPSK码抗色度色散和PMD性能最优,CS-RZ码的OSNR容限最低。当入纤光功率适中、色散和色散斜率同时补偿时,CSRZ-DPSK码和CS-RZ码的最大传输距离超过2700km。     

Mechanical and AC loss properties in mono-and multi-filamentary Bi-223 Ag-sheathed tapes

The evaluation of the bending strain tolerance and AC loss properties for monoand multi-filamentary Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed tape were carried out at liquid nitrogen temperature. For tapes with a filament number of over 19, the critical current (I_c) was maintained at the same values up to the bending strain of 0.3%, although the I_c of the mono-filamentary tape at the condition of 0.2% strain degraded to 90% of the value for the no-strain condition. The AC loss of the monofilamentary tape was the hysteresis type. On the contrary, the AC loss of the multi-filamentary tape was substantially dominated by the eddy current loss in the Ag matrix.