A survey of levels of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages in 2009–2012, Hebei Province,China

Results of a survey of levels of ethyl carbamate (EC) (urethane) in alcoholic beverages carried out in four successive years from 2009 to 2012 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) are presented. The beverages were purchased for sampling from Hebei Province of China, including eight main areas of production. The samples comprised wines (n = 212), grain spirits (n = 143) and wine sauces (n = 164). The data show that the average EC content in these kinds of alcoholic beverages remains nearly constant over the years. The results provide valuable data for food authorities to establish maximum limits for EC in China.     

葛枳黄酮固体饮料的配方优化

本研究以葛根总黄酮（PTF）和枳椇子总黄酮（HTF）为原料,制备复方葛枳黄酮固体饮料并对其配方进行优化。采用瓦勒-霍赫法（Valle-Hoch）法检测PTF和HTF对乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH2）的激活率的影响,确定PTF和HTF复合物配比,并以成型率、休止角、溶化性、吸湿性为考察指标,采用单因素试验法和星点设计-效应面法对复方葛枳解酒固体饮料的配方进行优化。蔗糖/麦芽糊精配比、辅料/原料配比和乙醇浓度对颗粒质量影响较大,固体饮料最优配方为：葛根总黄酮7.65%,枳椇子总黄酮15.31%,蔗糖45.92%,麦芽糊精30.61%,阿斯巴甜0.50%,65%乙醇适量,采用湿法制粒工艺制备复方葛枳黄酮固体饮料。星点设计实验方法模型可靠,优化所得配方产品具有良好的成型率、流动性、溶化性及生产和储存可接受的吸湿性,工艺过程简单,适用于大生产。     

酵母菌与糖化酶共固定化木薯酒精连续发酵工艺研究

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体共固定化酵母菌细胞和糖化酶制剂,并以木薯为原料进行酒精连续 发酵工艺研究。实验结果表明,木薯酒精连续发酵的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸铵添加量为原料量的0.5%,α-淀 粉酶用量为5u/g,糖化酶的用量为150u/g,适宜pH值4.5,酵母菌细胞与糖化酶制剂共固定化凝胶颗粒填装 量为50%。在稀释速率为0.155h$C1、糖化醪总糖为119.8g·L-1、还原糖为80.33g·L-1、醪液在反应器中 停留时间为3.1h时,发酵醪酒精浓度为12.3%,成熟发酵醪残余总糖为2.72g·L-1,残余还原糖为0.6g· L-1,总糖利用率达96.91%。     

蓝莓露酒主要成分变化及浸提条件优化

目的 优化蓝莓露酒主要成分变化及浸提条件。方法 以新鲜蓝莓为原料, 用不同纯度的乙醇溶液浸提, 并对浸提过程中溶出的总酚、黄酮、花色苷、总酸、可溶性固形物和维生素C进行动态分析。在多个单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验考察乙醇溶液和蓝莓的比例(A)、浸提用乙醇溶液的纯度(B)、浸提前超声处理时间(C)和浸提时间(D)对蓝莓酒抗氧化能力的影响。结果和结论 最佳的浸提条件为料液比1:1, 浸提用乙醇溶液的乙醇含量60% (v/v), 超声处理时间40 min, 浸提时间为30 d, 在此条件下其DPPH自由基清除率为66.30%。     

INFLUENCE OF APPLE JUICE TREATMENTS ON THE CIDER MAKING PROCESS

This study was conducted to examine the influence of the following apple juice treatments on different parameters of cidermaking process: sulphiting (50 mg/L of total S0₂), clarification with pectolytic enzymes (Ultrazym 100 G, 3g/hL), and bentonite fining (lOOg/hL). The different treatments slowed down alcoholic fermentation, the greatest effect being found for the combination of the three treatments. With respect to malolactic fermentation, must sulphiting, with or without the other two treatments, delayed this process, which took place after alcoholic fermentation. The low levels of lactic acid bacteria during this period can explain this delay. The only treatment that had any significant influence on volatile acidity was sulphiting, either on its own or in combination with the other treatments. Thus lower acetic acid levels were detected in ciders treated with SO₂ .     

干巴菌多糖对急性酒精损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的:研究干巴菌多糖（Refined polysaccharide from Thelephora ganbajun,RPTG）对急性酒精损伤小鼠心脏、脾脏及肾脏的保护作用。方法:经超声波辅助热水浸提及去蛋白得到干巴菌多糖。将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、RPTG各剂量组,建立小鼠急性酒精肝损伤模型。取小鼠心脏、脾脏及肾脏,测定其丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）含量;超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）及过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活性。结果:与模型对照组相比,RPTG高、中、低剂量组均可以显著或极显著提高心脏、脾脏和肾脏的GSH含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性、CAT活性（p<0.05或p<0.01）;均可以显著或极显著降低心脏、脾脏和肾脏的MDA含量（p<0.05或p<0.01）。结论:RPTG对酒精性肝损伤小鼠心脏、脾脏及肾脏具有明显的抗氧化作用。      

醋酸杆菌发酵雪莲果生产果醋饮料工程放大实验研究

通过以雪莲果为主要原料在200L发酵罐中经过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵2个阶段,获得雪莲果果醋产物,总发酵时间为200h,醋酸浓度可达到24.18g/L,对发酵产物进行GC-MS分析,发酵产物中酸类物质的含量占82.34%,其中醋酸的含量占到总量的74.70%.该放大实验的研究为液态发酵果醋饮料的发展和技术提升提供了重要的基础.     

金秋梨果醋的研制

以金秋梨为主要原料,经破碎、榨汁、酒精发酵、醋酸发酵酿制金秋梨果醋,试验得到最适醋酸发酵条件为:温度30℃,酒精浓度6.5%,接种量为10%,发酵时间约12d,成品呈淡琥珀色、澄清透明,有浓郁的果香和醋香。     

菠萝皮渣生产酒精关键工艺研究

对影响菠萝皮渣发酵生产酒精的工艺过程及其关键工艺参数进行了研究。通过单因素试验初步确定了菠萝皮渣酒精发酵的工艺条件,然后通过正交试验进一步优化了工艺参数和工艺过程。结果表明:发酵温度33℃、酵母用量5 g/100g、发酵时间3 d为菠萝皮渣酒精发酵生产酒精的最优工艺条件。