国内外混合代用燃料的研究进展

介绍了有关矿物油掺水、掺醇及掺生物油等车用混合代用燃料的制备技术、节能降污机理与排放特性。结合我国国情提出,在基本不改变现有发动机结构的情况下,研究开发“柴油—生物柴油—醇类”微乳混合燃料是缓解我国目前能源短缺、减轻环境污染、实现生态良性循环和经济可持续发展的行之有效的途径之一。     

粉末酒的研制

该文报道采用不同风味包埋剂的粉末酒制作。     

古老而新型的酒精性发酵乳饮料

对一种古老而新型的酒精性发酵乳饮料—开菲尔（Ｋｅｆｉｒ）做了一般性介绍。国际上对Ｋｅｆｉｒ有极大兴趣,并进行了深入的科学研究,取得了辉煌成果。该文对此做了综述。对Ｋｅｆｉｒ的语源和定义、Ｋｅｆｉｒ的规格标准、Ｋｅｆｉｒ粒、Ｋｅｆｉｒ含有的营养成份及其对人体生理功能和Ｋｅｆｉｒ的制法与进步做了叙述。     

Deficiency in Inactive Rhomboid Protein2 (iRhom2) Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Chronic alcohol exposure can lead to liver pathology relating to inflammation and oxidative stress, which are two of the major factors in the incidence of liver fibrosis and even liver cancer. The underlying molecular mechanisms regarding hepatic lesions associated with alcohol are not fully understood. Considering that the recently identified iRhom2 is a key pathogenic mediator of inflammation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore its regulatory role in alcohol-induced liver fibrosis. We found that iRhom2 knockout significantly inhibited alcohol-induced inflammatory responses in vitro, including elevated expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) and genes associated with inflammatory signaling pathways, such as TACE (tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme), TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1), and TNFR2, as well as the activation of NF-κB. The in vivo results confirmed that long-term alcohol exposure leads to hepatocyte damage and fibrous accumulation. In this pathological process, the expression of iRhom2 is promoted to activate the TACE/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the deletion of iRhom2 blocks the TACE/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduces liver damage and fibrosis caused by alcohol. Additionally, the activation of the JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway caused by alcohol exposure was also noted in vitro and in vivo. In the same way, knockout or deleting iRhom2 blocked the JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to regulate the oxidative stress. Therefore, we contend that iRhom2 is a key regulator that promotes inflammatory responses and regulates oxidative stress in alcoholic liver fibrosis lesions. We posit that iRhom2 is potentially a new therapeutic target for alcoholic liver fibrosis.     

糖蜜酒精废液生化及吸附联合处理方法

驯化培养降解糖蜜酒精废液的菌种,在优化条件下,微生物降解糖蜜酒精废液中的有机物,可生产作饲料蛋白的酵母菌体,分离废液中的菌体后,用壳聚糖进行吸附处理,ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达６３％,脱色率达７９％,基本上能达标排放,且处理每１Ｌ废液可得干饲料蛋白１０．８６ｇ。     

Replacement of sulfur dioxide by lysozyme and oenological tannins during fermentation: influence on volatile composition of white wines

BACKGROUND: In recent years the use of sulfur dioxide, a commonly used additive in winemaking, has been questioned because of its toxic effects on human health. Studies have been conducted to find alternatives that can effectively substitute for this additive in all its various technological functions. In previous work, lysozyme and oenological tannins were found as possible substitutes in controlling bacterial undesirable fermentations and phenolic oxidation. However, data on the volatile composition of wines obtained by that protocol are lacking. In this work, the effects on volatile composition of white wines by the substitution of SO₂ during fermentation with lysozyme and tannin were studied. At the same time, the technological performance of two strains of yeast that produce low amounts of SO₂ were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that both SO₂ and lysozyme prevented the development of undesirable bacterial fermentations. The study of volatile compounds shows differences in the alcohol, acid and ester contents among the final products: wines fermented with strain 1042 and lysozyme had higher total alcohol concentration, while the addition of SO₂ promoted higher production of 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 3‐methylthio‐1‐propanol, phenylethyl alcohol and 4‐hydroxy‐benzenethanol. Esters, as a total, were influenced by the different strain and tannins addition, while amounts of medium‐chain fatty acid ethyl esters and their corresponding fatty acids were found in higher amounts in wines coming from fermentations with lysozyme. The sensory analysis revealed a preference for wines to which lysozyme and tannins had been added. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the addition of lysozyme and oenological tannins during alcoholic fermentation could represent a promising alternative to the use of SO₂ and for the production of wines with reduced content of SO₂. The composition of the volatiles in the final wines was affected by the different vinification protocols (mainly with regards to alcohols and ethyl esters). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

清液补料酒精发酵工艺研究

用葡萄糖清液发酵酒精 ,在 3 2℃下发酵 72h ,接种量以体积比 8%的条件下 ,酒精体积分数可达 15 % ( 2 0℃ )以上 ,残糖降至 0 1%以下 ,葡萄糖转化率达 5 0 %。     

植物蛋白饮料增稳研究

增稳是植物蛋白饮料加工中最为关键技术,该文介绍植物蛋白饮料失稳机理,并从饮料体系组成性质和加工工艺两方面综述植物蛋白饮料开发中增稳关键事项。     

白酒分析方法(2007版)解读

白酒中酒精度的测定预先要经过蒸馏.总酯的测定作空白试验,都与原方法不同且得以改进,毛细管柱色谱法的应用提高了测量的准确度,缩短了分析时间,且可用于酯、酸、醇、醛等特征分析,测定组分更多,分离效果更好.     

酒包装材料和技术的新突破

近年来，酒包装在包装材料和技术方面增加了不少科技含量，取得了一定的新突破，促进了酒包装市场的发展。该文主要介绍了新型的纸类材料、玻璃类材料、金属类材料、外包装和防伪技术的主要特点、应用效果、应用现状及市场前景。