Response Shifting and Inhibition, but Not Working Memory, Are Impaired After Long-Term Heavy Alcohol Consumption.

Chronic alcohol abuse leads to cognitive deficits. The authors investigated whether a systematic increase of interference in a 2-back working memory paradigm would lead to cognitive deficits in alcoholic participants and compared their performance in such a task with that in an alternate-response task. Twenty-four nonamnesic and nondemented alcohol abuse (AA) patients and 12 patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) were compared with a control group. AA patients were impaired in the alternate-response task but not in working memory interference resolution. KS patients performed worse than the AA patients and the controls in both tasks. The neurotoxic side effects of alcohol therefore lead to a specific deficit in alternating between response rules but not in working memory, independently of whether the working memory task involves interference resolution or not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

国内外混合代用燃料的研究进展

介绍了有关矿物油掺水、掺醇及掺生物油等车用混合代用燃料的制备技术、节能降污机理与排放特性。结合我国国情提出,在基本不改变现有发动机结构的情况下,研究开发“柴油—生物柴油—醇类”微乳混合燃料是缓解我国目前能源短缺、减轻环境污染、实现生态良性循环和经济可持续发展的行之有效的途径之一。     

Development of a model for intensity of flavour character in blackcurrant concentrates

The feasibility of routine quantification of flavour character intensity in fruit concentrates by chromatography was studied. A set of 37 volatile components, previously identified as flavour-active by gas chromatography-olfactometry, were quantified in 133 different blackcurrant concentrates from three seasons, by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection. Sensory data on intensities of flavour character in these concentrates were obtained using ratio scaling. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was employed to develop models describing relationships between intensity of flavour character and concentrations of specific flavour components. Separate models were obtained for concentrates produced within three single seasons. Individual concentrates varied in: geographical origin; post-harvest fruit storage (chilled or frozen); and concentration strategy, either conventional thermal or freeze technology. Cross-validation (by PLS) determined the number of correlation factors required to reach minimum prediction error for each model. The final model had a regression coefficient of 0.80, dependent upon 10 flavour components, and was suited for predicting flavour character intensity in blackcurrant drinks from concentrates. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

β-葡萄糖苷酶在酒类酿造中研究进展

β-葡萄糖苷酶EC3.2.1.21是一类可水解含β-D-葡萄糖苷键底物,释放具有香气特性的游离糖苷配体的水解酶,广泛应用于食品、药品、保健品等领域。该文基于国内科研人员在β-葡萄糖苷酶方面取得的研究成果,综述了近年来我国在产β-葡萄糖苷酶酿酒微生物选育方面以及β-葡萄糖苷酶在酒类酿造领域中的应用研究进展,以期为进一步扩大β-葡萄糖苷酶菌种的选育和应用提供理论参考。     

酒类产品实用性包装设计的改进及实施应用方案研究

酒类产品实用性包装优化设计有助于提升酒品销售量,因此对包装进行设计并做出改进十分必要。针对当前酒类产品包装设计发展现状和面临的虚构酒历史意义、胡乱使用传统图案以及过分豪华包装的问题应加以引导性的纠正。具体以安全、环保和美观为设计原则,进行消费心理下产品品级包装、礼品包装和务实产品包装设计,此后通过对产品包装的图文设计进行创新,丰富包装色彩和图案,采用环保材质进行包装设计降低环境污染,运用激光雕刻制版技术和物联网技术加强酒类产品实用性包装防伪设计,实现对酒类产品包装的优化设计和改进。     

毛酸浆枸杞液体营养饮料研制及其对运动抗疲劳作用的研究

以毛酸浆和枸杞为主要原料,优化毛酸浆汁、枸杞汁、木糖醇、柠檬酸的最佳添加量,并探究饮料的抗疲劳特性。结果表明:营养饮料的最佳工艺参数为毛酸浆汁20%、枸杞汁7.5%、木糖醇8%和柠檬酸0.13%,感官评分为92.52,对感官评分影响程度为毛酸浆汁>枸杞汁>柠檬酸>木糖醇。小鼠疲劳实验结果表明,灌胃毛酸浆枸杞液体营养饮料量越大,游泳时间越长,运动能力提升越明显,因此,毛酸浆枸杞液体营养饮料具有抗疲劳的功效,可以作为健康的运动饮料推广使用。     

蜂蜜西瓜皮汁乳酸发酵饮料的工艺优化

以西瓜皮、蜂蜜为主要原料,借助微生物发酵技术,研制口感清新、营养价值丰富的蜂蜜西瓜皮汁乳酸发酵饮料。根据单因素试验结果,采用L9(34)正交组合设计,确定蜂蜜西瓜皮汁乳酸发酵饮料的最佳发酵工艺。结果表明:西瓜皮与水的质量比为1∶1、蜂蜜添加量为6%、发酵剂接种量为6%、发酵温度为42℃。该条件发酵得到的产品色泽呈淡乳白色、酸甜爽口,且拥有天然西瓜清香。     

The profile in polyphenols and volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages from different cultivars of mulberry

Abstract: Mulberry fruits have different chemical compositions because of cultivar variation. In this study, polyphenol profile and volatile composition of alcoholic beverages produced from different mulberries of Da 10, Hongguo 2 hao, and Hongguo 1 hao were investigated. Statistically significant differences were detected in the chemical composition of the analyzed alcoholic beverage samples. The beverage of Da 10 possessed the highest content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins, which was determined by spectrophotometry analysis, contrarily Hongguo 1 hao beverage showing the lowest. Phenolic acids and flavonols were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Protocatechuic acid was the main phenolic acid in all analyzed alcoholic beverage samples, and its concentration ranged from 8.20 mg L^?1 (Hongguo 1 hao beverage) to 29.98 mg L^?1 (Da 10 beverage). High level of flavonols was found in both Da 10 and Hongguo 2 hao beverage samples, whereas Hongguo 1 hao beverage sample was characterized with lower level of flavonols. Furthermore, volatile compounds were analyzed by solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The amount of esters varied widely among the 3 alcoholic beverage samples. The concentration of aliphatic alcohols in Hongguo 2 hao and 1 hao beverage samples was higher than Da 10 sample, whereas Da 10 beverage sample contained more aromatic alcohols than the others. Hongguo 1 beverage sample showed the highest concentration of acetic acid. This study demonstrated that quantitative differences of phenolic compounds and volatile compounds among cultivars were significant, which highly affected the quality of alcoholic beverage from mulberry. Practical Application: Mulberry fruits had different chemical compositions because of cultivar variation. The analyzed Da 10 cultivar of mulberry appeared to be a good raw material for alcoholic beverage‐making because of its high level of total sugar and acidity. This study demonstrated that alcoholic beverages from mulberry contain high amounts of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds may act synergistically to promote health, and reduce risk factors of chronic diseases.     

酿造酒中氨基甲酸乙酯控制的研究进展及对中国黄酒的借鉴

人体潜在致癌物-氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)是发酵酒精饮料(中国黄酒、葡萄酒、日本清酒等)酿造过程中伴随产生的副产物,不少国家对市场上各酒种中EC的含量制定了严格的限定标准。黄酒是我国特有传统酒种,当前黄酒中EC含量较高的现状已成为制约我国黄酒业发展尤其是国际化发展的瓶颈之一。本文就近些年国内外已报道的酿造酒中EC形成机理及控制策略研究的现状进行综述,并分析给予中国黄酒的借鉴作用,以期为解决中国黄酒的EC问题提供思路。     

甘蔗醋及果醋饮料的生产工艺研究

以甘蔗汁为原料,探索了液态发酵甘蔗果醋的生产工艺条件和甘蔗果醋饮料研制方法。通过单因素和正交试验,优化了工艺条件和配方。结果表明,酒精发酵的工艺参数为温度30 ℃、初始pH值为4.5、接种量12%、发酵时间6 d。醋酸发酵最佳工艺条件为酒精度8%vol、糖度7 °Bx、pH值为5.0、接种量10%。在控制温度32 ℃、转速150 r/min条件下发酵7 d得到平均酸度约6.37 g/100 mL、残糖4.2 g/100 mL甘蔗果醋。甘蔗果醋饮料最佳配方为甘蔗原醋15%、鲜甘蔗汁40%、蔗糖2%、柠檬酸0.14%、DL-苹果酸0.05%。