Ethanol production from raw starch by a recombinant yeast having saccharification and fermentation activities

In order to develop a method for converting raw starch into ethanol efficiently, direct fermentation of ozonized raw starch using a recombinant yeast was investigated. Ozonolysis was carried out as a pretreatment to convert raw starch into ethanol rapidly and efficiently, and then the effect of the ozone degradation conditions on the degree of polymerization and the amount of amylose in a raw starch was determined. Since the degree of polymerization was low and the amount of amylose was high, raw starch treated with an ozone concentration of 40 gm^?3 and an ozonation time of 30 min was the material chosen for alcohol fermentation. Though the recombinant yeast could not convert the untreated raw starch, it converted the soluble starch and the ozonized raw starch at a comparatively high yield into ethanol. About 56% of the ozonized raw starch decomposed, and the ethanol concentration obtained from the ozonized raw starch was markedly greater than that obtained from untreated raw starch. The dynamic behavior of cell growth, substrate degradation, and ethanol production was examined in a continuous culture under various dilution rates, and the optimal dilution rate, ie 0.15 h^?1, was determined for maximizing the ethanol productivity (amount of ethanol produced per unit time). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

玉米浆为有机氮源的L-乳酸发酵的研究

利用细菌厌氧发酵生产L-乳酸,以降低L-乳酸生产成本为主要目的,实验以玉米浆为有机氮源,以硫酸铵为主要无机氮源,研究了不同接种量对发酵过程的影响;并就以玉米浆替代酵母粉、豆粕水解液、生物素为有机氮源的L-乳酸发酵进行了对比研究实验,实验证明了玉米浆做为有机氮源用于L-乳酸发酵的可行性。在保证生产能力的同时,使用玉米浆为有机氮源对进一步降低L-乳酸生产成本,减少玉米浆对环境的污染进行了探索。     

Simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of pulp mill primary clarifier sludge

Bioconversion of sludge from the primary clarifier of a sulphite pulping operation to ethanol offers a number of advantages over conventional disposal options. The amount of material which must be disposed of is reduced while, at the same time, salable and environmentally friendly fuel-ethanol is produced. In this study, primary clarifier sludge (PCS) was shown to be hydrolysed to produce fermentable sugars at a rate proportional to enzyme loading. Initial (1 hour) hydrolysis rates as high as 12.6 g reducing sugar/L · h were observed at an initial enzyme loading of 10 filter paper units (FPU)/g. Hydrolysis was inhibited by spent sulphite liquor (SSL), an inhibition which could be completely overcome by fermenting the SSL to remove sugars. Surfactants were found to only marginally improve the production of sugars. To reduce the deleterious effects of end product inhibition, single stage simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was carried out using cellulase enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.     

基于CARS变量筛选的固态发酵pH值近红外检测

为了提高近红外光谱技术快速检测固态发酵过程中pH值的精度和稳定性,提出了采用竞争自适应重加权采样(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)法筛选出与pH相关的波长变量建立PLS预测模型,对验证集样本进行预测的方法。并与2种常见的变量筛选法GA-PLS和蒙特卡罗无信息变量消除法(MC-UVE)相比较.实验结果表明:CARS方法能有效筛选有用波长26个变量建立PLS模型,其校正集交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)以及交互验证相关系数(Rc)分别为0.0368和0.9950;验证集的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)以及预测相关系数(Rp)分别为0.0589和0.9895。     

曲霉发酵液对烟草根结线虫的作用

室内测定了一株曲霉发酵液对烟草根结线虫优势种群南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）2龄幼虫、卵囊和散卵粒孵化的影响。不同稀释浓度发酵液的处理和无菌水处理有显著差异，发酵液的1倍液以上浓度与10μtg／ml涕灭威的防效相当，对2龄幼虫的致死率在90％以上，对卵囊和散卵粒孵化的抑制率在95％以上。     

Alternative technologies for biotechnological fuel ethanol manufacturing

The challenges of implementing biorefineries on a global scale include socioeconomic, financial, and technological constraints. In particular, the development of biorefineries is tightly linked to the continued availability of fermentation raw materials. These constraints can be relaxed by the use of diverse raw materials, while advances that confer higher flexibility would enable biotechnological plant managers to swiftly react to volatile markets. In conventional processes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae grows on a relatively limited range of substrates, and produces only a single product—ethanol. Given the observed maturity of the S. cerevisiae fermentation technology, alternatives to baker's yeast may be needed to tip the economic balance in favour of biotechnological ethanol. These alternative fermentation technologies may allow a greater diversity of substrates to be used to produce an individually tailored mix of ethanol and other chemicals. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

受限节点的WSNs非均匀分簇算法应用研究

针对常规分簇路由算法不能有效解决节点位置、能量、频段受限的固态发酵温度检测无线传感器网络(WSNs)中节点过早死亡和能耗不均衡的问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的非均匀分簇路由协议。首先,根据网络规模选择固定数目的簇首节点,然后,引入PSO算法和非均匀分簇机制,以簇首节点覆盖范围和簇内节点与簇首之间平均欧氏距离作为评价函数的影响因子,选取一组最优簇首。仿真实验结果表明:所提算法有效改善了受限节点无线测温网络"热区"效应,均衡了节点能耗,显著延长了网络生存周期。     

影响固态发酵速率的因素及其动力学

论述了固态发酵过程中基质的形态特性、基质含水量、通气速率与气体组成、发酵温度诸因素对发酵速率的影响；探讨了固态发酵过程动力学模型及其特征。     

Anaerobic fermentation of xylose by pichia stipitis: The effect of forced cycling of ph

Xylose fermentation by Pichia stipitis was examined using a two-stage batch process. The cells were first grown aerobically on D-xylose (5 g/L), whereafter additional xylose (10 g/L) was added and fermented during anaerobic conditions (T=30°C). The optimum pH value for a fermentation with constant pH was found to be 4.5 (maximum specific ethanol production rate 0.21 g/(g h). Forced square wave cycling of the pH between 4 and 5, and 3.5 and 5.5 (cycle time 30 min) during the fermentation stage resulted in a fermentation rate lower than the maximum rate, but with unchanged ethanol yields.     

有机垃圾厌氧发酵产氢技术研究进展

利用有机垃圾产氢的研究逐渐兴起,人们利用有机垃圾产氢既可以最大程度地使有机垃圾资源化,减少环境的污染,又可以通过无污染氢气的获得改善能源市场,缓解能源的压力。分析了国内外厌氧发酵产氢的技术现状;以厌氧发酵产氢的原理和机理入手,讨论微生物、发酵过程、过程参数等对产氢效率和速率的影响;最后还对厌氧发酵产氢的可行性进行研究。