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Cetane numbers (C#) for the homologous series of straight-chain, saturated n-alcohols, C5−C12 and C14, were determined according to ASTM D 613. Measured C# ranged from 18.2–80.8 and increased linearly with carbon number (CN).
Regression analyses developed equations that related various physical properties or molecular characteristics of these alcohols
to calculated C#. The degree of relationship between measured and calculated C# was expressed as R2. The decreasing order of the precision with which these properties correlated with C# was: boiling point (bp)>melting point
(mp)>CN>heat of combustion (HG)>refractive index (n20
D)>density (d). This ranking was based upon R2 (0.99–0.96) and the Average % error (2.8–7.2%). C# were also determined for straight-chain homologs of saturated methyl esters
with CN of 6, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18. C# ranged from 18.0–75.6 and increased curvilinearly with CN. Equations were also developed
that related physical properties of these esters to C#. The precision with which these properties correlated with C# was:
bp>viscosity (V)>heat of vaporization (HV)>HG>CN>surface tension (ST)>mp>n20
D>d. R2 ranged from 0.99 for bp to 0.98 for d. Equations for the alcohols were linear or quadratic, while equations for the esters
were linear, quadratic or cubic based upon statistical considerations that included a Student’s t-test. With related physical
properties and these equations, accurate predictions of C# can be made for saturated n-alcohols and methyl esters. 相似文献
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综述了直接醇类燃料电池的工作原理及最新进展,简述了此类电池存在的主要问题及关键技术,对发展质子交换膜和电催化剂技术提出了建议。 相似文献
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《石油化工》2016,45(4):481
采用气相色谱法建立了合成气制烯烃(SGTO)水相产物中低碳醇、醛、酮、酸的测定方法,对分离条件进行优化,使用标准试样测定了线性范围和工作曲线,考察了方法的精密度和准确度,并采用该方法对SGTO实际水相产物中低碳醇、醛、酮、酸进行了测定。实验结果表明,在一定质量浓度范围内,低碳醇、醛、酮、酸各组分均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.99。标样的回收率在93.4%~109.8%之间,6次重复测定的相对标准偏差小于3.9%。SGTO实际水相产物中低碳(C1~6)醇、醛、酮、酸的分析结果表明,SGTO实际水相产物中低碳(C1~6)醇、醛、酮、酸的总含量(w)在1.5%~3.0%之间;其中,乙醇的含量最高,丙酮其次。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(9):1474-1484
ABSTRACTWe performed a safety evaluation using the procedure devised by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) of the following four flavouring substances that belong to the class of ‘aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups’ and are uniquely used in Japan: butyl butyrylacetate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and methyl hydroxyacetate. Although no genotoxicity study data were found in the published literature, none of the four substances had chemical structural alerts predicting genotoxicity. All four substances were categorised as class I by using Cramer’s classification. The estimated daily intake of each of the four substances was determined to be 0.007–2.9 μg/person/day by using the maximised survey-derived intake method and based on the annual production data in Japan in 2001, 2005 and 2010, and was determined to be 0.250–600.0 μg/person/day by using the single-portion exposure technique and based on average-use levels in standard portion sizes of flavoured foods. Both of these estimated daily intake ranges were below the threshold of toxicological concern for class I substances, which is 1800 μg/person/day. Although no information from in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies for the four substances was available, these substances were judged to raise no safety concerns at the current levels of intake. 相似文献
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