燃料电池用碱性阴离子交换膜的研究进展

碱性阴离子交换膜(AAEM)是碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AAEMFC)的核心部件,起到阻隔阴阳两极和传导OH-的双重作用,其性能好坏直接影响到AAEMFC的性能和使用寿命。从膜的结构和制备方法分类,综述了碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池用有机-无机杂化膜、掺杂型膜及均相膜的特性和研究现状。     

高碱值环烷酸钙清净剂的制备

文章使用精制环烷酸和氧化钙为原料合成了中碱值环烷酸钙清净剂,并对反应条件进行优化。在适宜的工艺条件(氧化钙与环烷酸的摩尔比,10∶1;甲醇的加入量,8 mL;碳酸化反应温度,68℃;二氧化碳通入速率,120 mL/min;通入时间,60 min)下,可以获得TBN=339mgKOH/g的高碱值环烷酸钙清净剂产品。     

白光LED用Ca_6Sr_4(Si_2O_7)_3Cl_2:Ce~(3+),Eu~(2+),Sm~(3+)荧光粉的合成及其发光性质

采用传统的高温固相法合成了Ce3+,Eu2+,Sm3+离子分别单激活和三种稀土离子共激活的Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2荧光粉,并通过X射线粉末衍射、荧光光谱和CIE色坐标对其结构和发光性质进行了研究。荧光粉Ca5.91Sr3.96(Si2O7)3Cl2:0.02Ce3+,0.04Eu2+,0.04Sm3+在365 nm激发下能发射高强度白光,其色坐标为x=0.2183,y=0.2187,有望成为一种新型白光LED灯用荧光粉。     

无氰高密度碱性镀铜的应用现状和前景

介绍了SF-8639无氰高密度铜和SF-638无氰碱铜工艺在汽车铝轮毂电镀领域代替预镀哑镍和在五金钢铁零件电镀中代替氰化预镀铜的应用状况,并对比了国外同类技术和常用的预镀工艺(如预镀哑镍、氰化预镀铜)的检测结果。与传统工艺相比,上述2种无氰碱铜工艺具有减排和降低制造成本的作用。通过2年多的生产中试,证明了该工艺在卫浴锌合金件电镀中代替氰化预镀铜和焦磷酸盐镀铜的可行性,其流程更短,减少了设备、水电等投资,可同时达到节水和含铜废水减排的目的。最后阐述了其在电子、可穿戴设备等行业的柔性印刷线路板(FPC)制作和具有导电功能薄膜组件电镀中的应用前景。     

工件碱性镀锡后焊接性差的原因分析

针对碱性镀锡零件在装配过程中出现的焊接性差问题进行原因分析,并通过焊接实验使问题再现。结果表明,锡条阳极、中间镀层和锡层厚度是影响碱性镀锡工件焊接性的主要因素,中和工序和贮存时间则为次要因素。为制得具有良好焊接性的镀锡零件,电镀时应选用符合标准的锡条阳极,根据基体材料选择中间镀层,并且镀锡层厚度应在5μm以上。     

JO-90I传爆药组分分析工艺条件优化

为了解决原有碱性条件下水解方法对JO-9C工传爆药进行组分分析所需要的时间长、效率低的问题,采用化学分析的方法,以JO-9CI传爆药在碱性条件下发生水解反应原理为基础,研究不同碱质量分数对水解情况的影响和不同碱质量分数和水解时间的内在关联,得到碱性条件下分析JO-9C工传爆药组分的最佳实验条件。结果表明,JO-9C工传爆药在碱性条件下进行组分分析的最佳工艺条件为：在碱质量分数为10．5％的恒温水浴锅（沸水浴）中进行水解,水解时间为2．5h;在碱质量分数为6．5％～10．5％时,水解时间与碱质量分数成线性关系。     

废纸浮选脱墨剂的研究

对废纸再生过程中使用的脱墨剂进行了研究, 比较了多种表面活性剂对废纸的脱墨效果, 并从中筛选出的脱墨效果比较好的非离子表面活性剂与阴离子捕收剂复配,考察了其脱墨效果, 确定了脱墨剂的最佳配比, 为OP-10与油酸以质量比80∶20复配的脱墨剂, 吐温-40与油酸以60∶40复配的脱墨剂。     

An Organogermanium Compound Enhances the Initial Reaction Rate of Alkaline Isomerization of an Aldose into a Ketose through Enediol Complex Formation

We previously demonstrated that the organogermanium compound 3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid (THGP) enhances the enzymatic and alkaline isomerization of an aldose to a ketose through cis-diol complex formation by multiple mechanisms. Its higher affinity for the ketose than the aldose protects the ketose complex from alkaline decomposition. Furthermore, it has been reported that the aldose-ketose alkaline isomerization pathway includes 1,2-enediol. Therefore, we speculated that the complex-forming ability of THGP could also be applied to enediol, a transient intermediate of alkaline isomerization. To test this prediction, we analyzed the initial rates of glucose or lactose isomerization in a region where there was no substantial difference in pH with and without THGP addition. The results showed that THGP enhanced the rate of fructose or lactulose formation per unit time by approximately 2-fold compared to the control. This finding indicated that THGP could form a complex with the transition state of aldose-ketose alkaline isomerization.     

水浴振荡碱消解-火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中六价铬

建立了水浴振荡碱消解-火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的六价铬的方法。称取经风干、研磨并过0.15 mm孔径筛的土壤样品2.0 g(精确至0.01 g)置于150 mL锥形瓶中,加入25.0 mL碱性提取溶液,再加入400 mg氯化镁和0.5 mL磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液,用聚乙稀薄膜封口,置于水浴恒温振荡器中。常温振荡样品5 min后,开启加热装置,加热水浴振荡至90～95℃,保持90 min。取下,冷却至室温。过滤,用硝酸调节溶液pH至7.5±0.5,将此溶液定容至50 mL容量瓶中,摇匀,待测。该方法采用水浴振荡碱消解的前处理方式进行土壤中六价铬的全消解,代替了磁力搅拌加热方式的消解,优化了前处理条件,简化了试验步骤,节约了分析测试时间,提高了分析效率,此方法还有利于处理大批量土壤样品。探讨了样品前处理提取温度的优化选择、氯化镁加入量的研究优化、提取时间的优化选择、pH值的优化以及三价铬干扰试验的影响。确认了最优化的仪器条件,对六价铬做了线性范围测试,曲线相关系数均在0.999以上。依据HJ 168—2020方法做了检出限,六价铬的检出限为0.5 mg/kg,以4倍检出限做测定下限...     

The Combination of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Treatment with Moderate Physical Activity Alleviates the Severity of Experimental Colitis in Obese Mice via Modulation of Gut Microbiota,Attenuation of Proinflammatory Cytokines,Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Oxidative Damage in Colonic Mucosa

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are commonly considered as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, but the possibility that the alterations in gut microbiota and oxidative stress may affect the course of experimental colitis in obese physically exercising mice treated with the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been little elucidated. Mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 14 weeks were randomly assigned to exercise on spinning wheels (SW) for 7 weeks and treated with IAP followed by intrarectal administration of TNBS. The disease activity index (DAI), grip muscle strength test, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GSH), DNA damage (8-OHdG), the plasma levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17a, TNF-α, MCP-1 and leptin were assessed, and the stool composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by next generation sequencing (NGS). The TNBS-induced colitis was worsened in obese sedentary mice as manifested by severe colonic damage, an increase in DAI, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and decreased muscle strength. The longer running distance and weight loss was observed in mice given IAP or subjected to IAP + SW compared to sedentary ones. Less heterogeneous microbial composition was noticed in sedentary obese colitis mice and this effect disappeared in IAP + SW mice. Absence of Alistipes, lower proportion of Turicibacter, Proteobacteria and Faecalibacterium, an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium, a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-OHdG content and proinflammatory cytokines were observed in IAP + SW mice. IAP supplementation in combination with moderate physical activity attenuates the severity of murine colitis complicated by obesity through a mechanism involving the downregulation of the intestinal cytokine/chemokine network and oxidative stress, the modulation of the gut microbiota and an improvement of muscle strength.