改性碱法制浆废液共聚物降粘剂的研究

聚合物钻井液在深井阶段使用过程中,发生稠化时,若采用传统的降粘剂处理,会因降粘剂兼有的分散作用而改变体系的不分散性.因此,需要研制出一种新型降粘剂,使它能同聚合物相互作用,一定程度上遮盖聚合物的吸附基团,削弱聚合物同粘土的桥联结构,使其收缩就可能使体系降粘.研究出了以碱法制浆废液、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酸(AA)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DADMAC)为原料合成钻井液降粘剂的方法,讨论了合成条件对共聚物降粘剂降粘性能的影响,并对产物的降粘能力进行了评价.实验结果表明,所合成的产品具有良好的降粘能力、抗温、抗盐和抗钙性能,加量为0.3%时,降粘效果最佳;抗温达150 ℃,抗NaCl达30%,抗CaCl2达1.0%.     

高碱值磺酸钙合成工艺研究

采用多步法合成高碱值磺酸钙,研究了不同来源的磺酸原料、国产磺酸与进口磺酸不同配比、加水量和CO2通入速率、甲醇加入量等因素对合成高碱值磺酸钙性能的影响。结果表明：合成高碱值磺酸钙最佳条件为进口磺酸与国产磺酸D质量比1:9,加水量2.5 g,CO2通入速率400 mL/min,甲醇加入量26 mL;以国产磺酸D为原料合成的高碱值磺酸钙产品易过滤、总碱值较高、浊度和运动黏度较低。     

PVA-PAAS基碱性聚合物电解质的制备及性能

采用溶液浇铸法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)-聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)-KOH-H2O碱性聚合物电解质膜.膜的电导率与KOH和H2O含量密切相关,PAAS可明显改善PVA基碱性聚合物电解质膜的保水性能和机械性能,PAAS和KOH可使聚合物的结晶度和熔点降低.在20～50℃范围内,电解质膜的电导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程.组成为PVA(以下均为质量分数)(13.84%)-PAAS(0.73%)-KOH(36.43%)-H2O(49%)电解质膜的室温电导率高达9.67×10-2S/cm,在不锈钢惰性电极上的电化学稳定电位范围约为1.6 V,可应用于活性炭超级电容器.     

Flexible Piezoelectric Touch Sensor by Alignment of Lead‐Free Alkaline Niobate Microcubes in PDMS

A highly sensitive, lead‐free, and flexible piezoelectric touch sensor is reported based on composite films of alkaline niobate K_0.485Na_0.485Li_0.03NbO₃ (KNLN) powders aligned in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. KNLN powder is fabricated by solid‐state sintering and consists of microcubes. The particles are dispersed in uncured PDMS and oriented by application of an oscillating dielectrophoretic alignment field. The dielectric constant of the composite film is almost independent of the microstructure, while upon alignment the piezoelectric charge coefficient increases more than tenfold up to 17 pC N^?1. A quantitative analysis shows that the origin is a reduction of the interparticle distance to under 1.0 µm in the aligned bicontinuous KNLN chains. The temperature stable piezoelectric voltage coefficient exhibits a maximum value of 220 mV m N^?1, at a volume fraction of only 10%. This state‐of‐the‐art value outperforms bulk piezoelectric ceramics and composites with randomly dispersed particles, and is comparable to the values reported for the piezoelectric polymers polyvinylidenefluoride and its random copolymer with trifluoroethylene. Optimized composite films are incorporated in flexible piezoelectric touch sensors. The high sensitivity is analyzed and discussed. As the fabrication technology is straightforward and easy to implement, applications are foreseen in flexible electronics such as wireless sensor networks and biodiagnostics.     

高硅铝合金缸套材料腐蚀加工技术研究

采用三维视频显微金相技术对高硅铝合金缸套材料的组织构成、颗粒尺寸以及碱腐蚀深度进行测试与评价;用激光共聚焦显微镜技术对碱腐蚀界面颗粒凹凸以及表面纹理进行观察与描述;用往复式摩擦磨损实验机对碱腐蚀试样进行摩擦学性能评价。结果表明:高硅铝合金组织中主要由硅颗粒及第二相硬质点颗粒构成,平均硅颗粒尺寸为4.00μm,平均第二相颗粒尺寸为3.05μm;随腐蚀时间、深度的增加,腐蚀界面区域增大,表面凸凹及纹理更加清晰,当碱的质量分数为5%,溶液温度为40℃,腐蚀时间为30~40 s,摩擦学性能最优越。     

碱性锌锰电池使用中常见问题分析

总结了碱性锌锰电池在使用中经常遇到的15项问题，涉及电池、器具和消费3方面。分析了器县造成电池短路发热、异常消耗等问题的严重性，探讨了电池串联电路和并联电路供电存在的问题；指出了电池与用电器具的适用性研究的重要意义。     

废纸造纸污水处理污泥膨胀解决实例

结合某纸厂处理脱墨污水时发生污泥膨胀的实例,对温度、溶解氧和食微比等因素进行分析,得出过量PAM引起的泡沫和食微比过低导致污泥膨胀,并提出减少加药量、安装喷头和投加淀粉等解决措施。     

Corrosion of stainless steel grades in H2O/KOH 50% at 120 °C: AISI304 austenitic and 2205 duplex

We report on the corrosion of austenitic (AISI304) and duplex (2205) stainless steels in H₂O/KOH 50% at 120 °C. The research is based on a combination of electrochemical, structural and compositional analyses, aimed at assessing the surface modifications resulting from anodic attack and their impact on corrosion resistance. Linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry measurements were carried out in an air‐tight high‐temperature cell. In‐plane and cross‐sectional SEM micrography, X‐ray diffractometry and EDX profiling were used to characterise samples attacked under electrochemically controlled conditions. Electrochemical results have shown that AISI304 exhibits a complex passivating behaviour, while the anodic electrokinetics of the duplex is characterised by mixed kinetic control. AISI304 was found to fail by intergranular corrosion and to be covered: in passive conditions by acicular compounds and in transpassive conditions by a compact layer of corrosion products. Duplex samples, instead, exhibit an uniform form of corrosion morphology and bear a compact layer of corrosion products both in passive and in transpassive conditions.     

A study of one‐bath alkali–amine hydrolysis and silk‐fibroin finishing of polyester microfiber crepe fabric

In this study, the synergistic aminolysis (sodium hydroxide and ethylene diamine in one bath) mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microfiber crepe fabric was preliminarily investigated. The results showed that not only active groups (i.e., ? NHR, ? COOH, and ? OH) but also considerable cracks and craters were introduced onto PET fibers, which provided locations for a subsequent crosslinking reaction and mechanical attachment and so facilitated the silk‐fibroin finishing. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1467–1473, 2001     

Graphic Manifestation of the Ability of Selected Alkaline Earth Chlorides to Impart Flame-Retardancy to Cotton Fabric

Optimum percent quanties of selected alkaline earth chlorides used for imparting flame-retardancy to cotton fabric have been chosen from one of the author's ACS-presented articles. Based on the afore mentioned data and gathering information concerning their physicochemical specifications from scientific literature the related graphical representations were obtained. The results illustrate a reasonable dependence in lowering the ability of the alkaline earth chlorides on their higher stabilities that is, the optimum percent of the applied chlorides decreased according to the metals position in the periodic table. Therefore a better understanding has been achieved and deduced.