高效低泡渗透剂FD—46的研制及应用

在分析了特殊用途渗透剂的产品特点及国外样品的质量与技术指标的基础上,经单体的选择与合成、配方筛选、性能测试和应用试验,研制成功优于国内某些同类产品,达到西德Leophen M水平的FP-46高效低泡渗透剂。该渗透剂质量稳定、工艺成熟、性能独特,可广泛用于纺织印染行业中。     

聚丙烯酸高级酯煤油溶液的流动行为

本文制备了一系列高分子量的聚丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸高级酯,研究了这些聚合物的分子量及其分布,侧基大小和溶液浓度对煤油溶液的流变性、减阻性和抗剪切性的影响。实验证明,这些高级酯煤油溶液都是假塑性流体,流动行为可用幂律描述:τ=k_γ~n;溶液的湍流摩擦系数(f)、雷诺数(R_e)和减阻触发时的雷诺数(R_(eo))之间的关系为:(?)。发现减阻百分率(DR)先随壁切应力(τ_w)增大而增加,超过一定的壁切应力(τ_(wm))后,DR 逐渐下降。DR 随分子量增大而增大,当分子量超过一定值后,DR 达到一个极限值(DR_m)而不再增大。DR_m 随浓度增加而增加。τ_(wm)基本上与浓度无关。在低速下,分子量分布较宽的样品具有较高的 DR 值。在湍流中,聚合物的抗剪切性随侧基增大和溶液浓度的提高而增强。     

直接苷化一步法合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷

报道了以葡萄糖和十二醇为原料直接苷化一步法合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷的生产工艺，对其影响因素和动力学模型进行了讨论，并确定了最佳反应条件：醇糖物质的量比为3－5，反应温度为110－130℃，反应压力4kPa，反应时间3－5h。     

烷基多乙烯多胺的合成研究

以高级脂肪醇为原料 ,经硫酸化后生成硫酸半酯 ,然后与多乙烯多胺反应 ,合成了五种单长链烷基多乙烯多胺类阳离子表面活性剂。考察了投料比、反应时间等因素对产率的影响 ,得出了最佳反应条件 ,即醇∶氯磺酸∶多乙稀多胺 =1∶ 1∶ 4 ( mol) ,最佳反应时间为 1 0 h。在该条件下 ,单烷基多乙烯多胺的产率可达 80 %左右。     

Preparation of Alkyl Esters of Pectin and Pectic Acid

Alkyl esters of pectin and pectic acid have been prepared via three different synthetic routes. Enhancements of intrinsic viscosity, binding to bile acids and to isolated soy protein were shown for these novel pectin derivatives. The development of new and improved pectin-containing products may be enhanced by the ease of preparation and improved functionality of such compounds.     

Surfactants and the environment

As a result of their use in detergents and personal products and their subsequent disposal, anionic surfactants may achieve a wide distribution in the environment. It is therefore important to assess the hazard that this use might present to the environment.
In order to do this it is necessary to estimate the highest concentrations which are likely to occur at key points in the environment. These estimates may be based on a knowledge of the quantities used and the per capita consumption of water, and take account of the physico-chemical properties, biodegradation and treatability of the surfactant. The margin of safety between these estimates and the lowest concentrations causing adverse effects on sewage treatment operations, aquatic organisms and crops may then be determined.
Laboratory studies on linear alkyl benzene sulphonates, primary alkyl sulphates, linear alkyl ether sulphates and secondary alkane sulphonates suggest that their current levels in detergents and personal products present no hazard to the environment. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of environmental monitoring.
Les agents de surface et l'environment     

烷基多苷的过氧乙酸漂色及组合漂色工艺研究

对烷基多苷(APG)的过氧乙酸(CH3COOOH)漂色工艺进行了优化,优化条件是:烷基多苷(APG)水溶液的浓度为50%,CH3COOOH用量为5%,漂色时间90 m in,漂色温度80℃,初始pH 12~12.5。在此条件下漂色,可使APG水溶液的消光系数由6~7降至0.4左右;采用质量分数分别为3%的H2O2与CH3COOOH组合漂色,可使漂色效果进一步提高;对H2O2与CH3COOOH漂色前后的APG样品进行了红外光谱对比分析。     

The role of polyvinyl alcohol in emulsion polymerization

Emulsion polymerization of styrene (St) and vinyl acetate (VAc) in the presence of conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA modified with a terminal alkyl group or PVA modified with a terminal thiol group (HS-PVA) was compared. Whereas stable PVAc latexes were obtained, a stable PSt latex was obtained only in the case of HS-PVA. From the adsorption isotherms of these PVAs on the surface of PVAc and PSt latex particles, as well as the grafting efficiencies of VAc and St onto HS-PVA in relation to the stability of the polymerization process, the role of PVA in the emulsion polymerization was discussed.     

Use of polymeric and non-polymeric surfactants in o/w emulsion formulation

An acrylic/alkyl acrylate co-polymer and a mixture of non-ionic surfactants (sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan monostearate(20)OE) were used to prepare o/w emulsions for cosmetic use. Formulations with optimal performances were obtained by selecting appropriate percentages of components through statistical procedures. The non-polymeric surfactants were seen to affect the stability and appearance of the emulsion, although they were used at low percentages (0.3–0.6%), and were seen to interact with the polymer in different ways. The influence of twelve w/o emulsifiers (alcohol-, glyceryl- and sorbitan-derivatives) on the emulsion was examined and models of stability and thixotropic module were calculated: the thixotropic behaviour of the emulsion depended on the structural characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of the w/o surfactant molecule.     

高取代度阳离子淀粉的制备及其乳化AKD性能研究

传统烷基烯酮使用阳离子淀粉作为乳化剂和稳定剂,存在纤维上留着低、与纤维反应较慢和施胶熟化时间长等缺点。作者研究了高取代度阳离子木薯淀粉的制备工艺、AKD乳液的乳化工艺和施胶性能。结果表明,以木薯淀粉为原料和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂制备的淀粉阳电荷密度为0.5~3.5 meq/g,取代度大于0.1的阳离子淀粉,对AKD蜡粉具有良好乳化稳定作用和纸张施胶性能。