磁致伸缩式液位计的原理和应用

阐述了磁致伸缩式液位计的基本原理、特点和典型配置,以及在石化行业的主要应用。在与其他传统液位计进行比较后,以油罐液位的测量和烷基铝储罐液位的测量为例,说明磁致伸缩式液位计的应用优势。实践证明磁致伸缩式液位计特别适合化工原料和易燃液体的测量,效果良好。     

羟烷基醋酸纤维素超滤膜

研究用羟烷基醋酸纤维素制成的超滤膜及其传递性质。在0.2MPa压力下,膜的截留率为92.10％～99.93％(0.05％BSA溶液),透水率为25.9～91.5ml/cm~2·h。讨论了聚合物浓度用不同官能团的有机物作第二添加剂时,其蒸发时间和凝胶介质种类,凝胶溚温度与膜性能的关系。实验结果表明,当选用能与聚合物形成氢键的有机物作第二添加剂时,由于聚合物在溶剂中的溶介能力增加可改善膜性能。     

1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑/AlCl3催化合成反丁烯二酸二甲酯

研究了顺丁烯酸酐和甲醇在1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑/AlCl3催化使用下，经异构化和酯化反应合成反丁烯二酸二甲酯化合物，用统计序贯实验设计方法对合成过程进行了优化。开发了一条产品收率高，与盐酸，三氯化钕等催化工艺相比具有无腐蚀、无污染，价廉等优点的制备工艺，实验结果表明，1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑/AlCl3催化剂具有异构化和酯化两种催化作用，省去了以顺丁烯二酸酐为原料先制备富马酸中间产品的过程，反应条件温和，操作简便，一步法即可得到产品，其纯度为99.4%，最佳工艺条件为：催化剂用量与顺丁烯二酸酐摩尔比为0.17：1，甲醇与顺丁烯二酸酐摩尔比为4.01：1，反应温度为93.0℃，反应时间为5.0小时，在实验条件下，反丁烯二酸二甲酯的收率达到90%。     

造纸用新型材料——AKD中性施胶剂乳液的研究

本文介绍一种中性施胶剂AKD合成实验,同时对AKD的乳液的制备进行了研究。并给出了工业化生产流程及在造纸工业中的应用条件。     

Enzymatic preparation of ricinoleic acid esters of long-chain monohydric alcohols and properties of the esters

Apart from the conventional chemical esterification process, long-chain alkyl ricinoleates also can be prepared by enzymatic esterification or by enzymatic alcoholysis with high yield and without undesirable side reactions. On sulfonation to the hydroxyl group, the alkyl ricinoleates produce surface-active compounds. The tetradecyl ricinoleate shows the best surface-active behavior and seems to be much better than that of sulfonated castor oil commonly known as “Turkey Red Oil”.     

α-Sulfonated fatty acid esters: I. Structural effects of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid higher alcohol esters on surface-active properties and emulsification ability

The surface-active properties and emulsification ability of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters, C_mH_2m+1CH-(SO₃Na)COOC_nH_2n+1, were studied as a function of the hydrophobic alkyl chainlength in the fatty acid (m=8−16) and the alcohol (n=8−18). As a result, it was discovered that sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have a structural effect on the Krafft point different from that of amphiphiles with short alkyl chains. Moreover, some of the α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have quite low interfacial tensions, as well as non-foaming properties, which depend upon the total (m+n) number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains.     

石油羧酸盐/重烷基苯磺酸盐/碱复配体系的界面活性及吸附特性

实验考察了石油羧酸盐(POS-2和POS-4)/重烷基苯磺酸盐(ORS-41)/碱(NaOH)复配体系与大庆脱气原油(45℃粘度18.7 mPa·s)间的界面张力IFT(45℃)及2种表面活性剂在大庆去油油砂上的吸附特性.实验复配体系用矿化度4.3 g/L的模拟注入水配制.在复配体系中加入C2～C5正构脂肪醇使实验油水体系IFT达到平衡的时间由～70 min缩短至～50 min,使IFT稳定值(～5.8×10-3 mN/m)有所降低,各种醇的影响力相差不大,C3醇略好.当POS-2、ORS-41、C2、C3混合醇(1∶1)质量比为24∶8∶1时,在POS-2浓度0.6～6.0 g/L、NaOH浓度2.5～12 g/L范围出现超低IFT.POS-4/CTMAB或CPC/NaOH复配体系只在很窄的阳离子表面活性剂浓度范围出现超低IFT.OP类和Tween类非离子表面活性剂使POS-2/NaOH体系的IFT升高,升高幅度随加入量和乙氧基数增大而增大.POS-4和ORS-41在油砂上的吸附符合Langmuir定律,从POS-4/ORS-41/NaOH(2.5/0.83/12 g/L)复配体系中的吸附量(饱和吸附量为1.444和6.741 mg/g油砂),低于从POS-4/NaOH(2.5/12 g/L)和ORS-41/NaOH(0.83/12 g/L)体系中的相应吸附量(分别为2.925和7.581 mg/g油砂).图6表1参9.     

Viscosities of Nonelectrolyte Liquid Mixtures Containing Acrylonitrile

The measurements of viscosity are reported for seven binary mixtures of acrylonitrile (AN) with ethanenitrile (EN), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butyl acetate (BA), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) at 303.15 K temperature. The viscosity data have been correlated with the equations of Grunberg and Nissan; Hind, McLaughlin, and Ubbelohde; Tamura and Kurata; Katti and Chaudhri; McAllister; Heric and Brewer; and of Auslaender. The relations between the viscosity deviations , excess Gibbs energy of activation G*^E of viscous flow, and the intermolecular interaction in these mixtures are discussed.     

烷基糖苷的制备与性能

介绍了以对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂 ,以葡萄糖和醇为原料合成APG的方法。确定了较佳工艺条件为 :正丁醇与高碳醇之比为 1∶1(mol/mol) ,醇糖比为 3∶1(mol/mol) ,用H2 O2 脱色 ,反应温度为 110～ 115℃ ,反应时间为 1 5h ,葡萄糖的转化率达到 98% ,合成出的产品性能好 ,特别适用于餐具洗涤剂和洗发香波     

脂肪胺氧化物的生产及应用前景

论述以α－烯烃为原料经氢溴化、胺化及氧化和回收溴等步骤生产氧化胺的工艺过程、设计基础及技术－经济指标；α－烯烃路线生产氧化胺的生产、应用前景。