Continuous deacylation of amides in a high-temperature and high-pressure microreactor

The deacylation of amides, which is widely employed in the pharmaceutical industry, is not a fast reaction under normal conditions. To intensify this reaction, a high-temperature and high-pressure continuous microreaction technology was developed, whose space-time yield was 49.4 times that of traditional batch reactions. Using the deacylation of acetanilide as a model reaction, the effects of the temperature, pressure, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants, and water composition on acetanilide conversion were carefully studied. Based on the rapid heating and cooling capabilities, the kinetics of acetanilide deacylation at high temperatures were investigated to determine the orders of reactants and activation energy. This microreaction technology was further applied to a variety of other amides to understand the influence of substituents and steric hindrance on the deacylation reaction.     

Poly(ester amide)s derived from tartaric and succinic acids: Changes in structure and properties upon hydrolytic degradation

The changes in structure and properties taking place in a set of tartaric acid‐based polyamides and poly(ester amide)s upon hydrolytic degradation were examined. Poly(hexamethylene 2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐L ‐tartaramide)s, either pure or containing minor amounts of succinate ester groups (≤10%), were exposed to humidity or incubated in buffered water at pH 7.4 and 37°C, and their thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of time. Both moisture uptake and hydrolysis induced a noticeable decay in the tensile properties of polymers. These effects were greatly enhanced by the presence of ester groups, whereas no large differences were noticed for changes in the enantiomeric composition. Variations in the glass transition temperatures and melting points appeared to be slight, whereas crystallinity clearly increased with incubation time. The latter effect was most apparent in poly(ester amide)s with a nearly racemic composition, in which a crystal‐to‐crystal transition was observed to take place upon degradation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 486–494, 2000     

乙草胺与4种除草剂混用对覆膜棉田的除草效果

乙草胺+扑草净、乙草胺+特丁净、乙草胺+二甲戊乐灵、乙草胺+乙氧氟草醚4种除草剂混用组合对覆膜棉田杂草有良好的控制效果.结果表明:4种组合施药后20 d,对禾本科杂草的防效与对阔叶杂草的防效均较高,对禾本科杂草株防效分别为92.6%、95.6%、92.0%、91.7%,对阔叶杂草的株防效分别为91.0%、93.7%、87.9%、93.5%.施药40 d防效略低于20 d防效,但仍然表现出较高防效,说明各组合持效期较长.     

除草剂砜嘧磺隆的合成研究

以乙基磺酰基乙腈和丙二醛甲醇缩醛为起始原料,经五步反应得到除草剂砜嘧磺隆,并对砜嘧磺隆和中间体2-氯-3-乙基磺酰基吡啶、2-巯基-3-乙基磺酰基吡啶以及2-磺酰胺基-3-乙基磺酰基吡啶进行了1HNMR结构表征,证实了它们的结构.     

磺酰脲类除草剂残留分析技术研究进展

综述近年来环境巾磺酰脲类除草剂残留测定前处理和测定方法的研究进展及适用范围。该类除草剂的前处理以液液萃取（LLE）和固相萃取（SPE）为主,其他辅助方法有超临界萃取（SFE）、薄层析（TLC）、微波振荡萃取（MASE）及一些有明显介质特点和化学特异性的方法。测定方法有仪器测定、酶联免疫和生物测定,而仪器测定则以高效液相色谱（HPLC）和液-质联用（LC-MS）为主。     

咪唑啉酰胺在CO2溶液中铁表面上的吸脱附行为

采用扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）观察到在含ＣＯ２的ＮａＣｌ溶液中,纯铁表面的腐蚀为不均匀腐蚀,咪唑啉酰胺（ＩＭ）能够在ＣＯ２溶液中稳定吸附在钢铁的表面,当外加电位超过脱附电位时,ＩＭ发生脱附。     

Construction of Recombinant Escherichia coli Catalysts which Simultaneously Express an (S)‐Oxynitrilase and Different Nitrilase Variants for the Synthesis of (S)‐Mandelic Acid and (S)‐Mandelic Amide from Benzaldehyde and Cyanide

Recombinant Escherichia coli strains were constructed which simultaneously expressed the genes encoding the (S)‐oxynitrilase from cassava (Manihot esculenta) together with the wild‐type or a mutant variant of the arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 in a single organism under the control of a rhamnose‐inducible promoter. The whole cell catalysts obtained converted benzaldehyde and potassium cyanide in aqueous media at pH 5.2 mainly to (S)‐mandelic acid and/or (S)‐mandelic amide and synthesized only low amounts of the corresponding (R)‐enantiomers. The conversion of benzaldehyde and potassium cyanide (KCN) by a whole‐cell catalyst simultaneously expressing the (S)‐oxynitrilase and the wild‐type nitrilase resulted in a ratio of (S)‐mandelic acid to (S)‐mandelic amide of about 4:3. This could be explained by the strong nitrile hydratase activity of the wild‐type nitrilase with (S)‐mandelonitrile as substrate. The relative proportion of (S)‐mandelic amide formed in this system was significantly increased by coexpressing the (S)‐oxynitrilase with a carboxy‐terminally truncated variant of the nitrilase. This whole‐cell catalyst converted benzaldehyde and KCN to mandelic amide and mandelic acid in a ratio of about 9:1. The ee of the (S)‐mandelic amide formed was calculated to be >95%.     

端轻基聚丁二烯改性氰酸醋树脂体系研究

在氰酸酯树脂(CE)中加入端羟基聚丁二烯橡胶(HTPB)以改善其韧性。利用傅单叶红外光谱(FT-IR),热综合分析仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)等方法研究体系的反应性,测宗其力学性能,耐热性等性能。实验结果表明,HTPB的加入很奸地改善了CE的韧性,当HTPB含量沐到25%时,体系的冲击强度捍高最大,接近19 kJ/m2,并且_保持了树脂良好的耐热性能     

Poly(amide‐imides): Wire Enamels with Excellent Thermal and Chemical Properties

Poly(amide‐imide) resins are versatile high‐performance polymers used as primary electrical insulation. They can be synthesized by three well‐established methods, of which only two are commercially exploited. Outstanding characteristics include high thermal performance, chemical and abrasion resistance, and low coefficient of friction. Other industries also rely on these same properties for use as coatings, extrusion resins and films. Recent developments are discussed and future trends/product offerings are reviewed. Developments include corona‐resistant enamels, self‐lubricated and high‐abrasion‐resistance coatings. The hybrid automobile industry offers opportunities for further innovations in primary electrical coatings.

     

酚醛胺固化环氧树脂热降解动力学研究

利用市售酚醛胺PPA固化剂固化环氧树脂E-44,对固化产物热稳定性进行研究,用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法建立了固化产物热降解动力学模型,得出热解活化能E=227.51 kJ/mol,lgA=14.34（A=2.19×1014 s^-1）。