全文获取类型
收费全文 | 125662篇 |
免费 | 10115篇 |
国内免费 | 7672篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 9594篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 9781篇 |
化学工业 | 23504篇 |
金属工艺 | 7249篇 |
机械仪表 | 9182篇 |
建筑科学 | 8433篇 |
矿业工程 | 2539篇 |
能源动力 | 4824篇 |
轻工业 | 8248篇 |
水利工程 | 1539篇 |
石油天然气 | 6059篇 |
武器工业 | 1161篇 |
无线电 | 14730篇 |
一般工业技术 | 12809篇 |
冶金工业 | 3963篇 |
原子能技术 | 1618篇 |
自动化技术 | 18214篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 394篇 |
2023年 | 1631篇 |
2022年 | 2894篇 |
2021年 | 3405篇 |
2020年 | 3271篇 |
2019年 | 3153篇 |
2018年 | 2965篇 |
2017年 | 3811篇 |
2016年 | 4170篇 |
2015年 | 4357篇 |
2014年 | 6163篇 |
2013年 | 7067篇 |
2012年 | 7769篇 |
2011年 | 8951篇 |
2010年 | 7240篇 |
2009年 | 8074篇 |
2008年 | 7806篇 |
2007年 | 8765篇 |
2006年 | 8257篇 |
2005年 | 6776篇 |
2004年 | 5842篇 |
2003年 | 5528篇 |
2002年 | 4554篇 |
2001年 | 3664篇 |
2000年 | 3181篇 |
1999年 | 2556篇 |
1998年 | 1847篇 |
1997年 | 1504篇 |
1996年 | 1372篇 |
1995年 | 1356篇 |
1994年 | 1205篇 |
1993年 | 968篇 |
1992年 | 761篇 |
1991年 | 475篇 |
1990年 | 317篇 |
1989年 | 307篇 |
1988年 | 212篇 |
1987年 | 144篇 |
1986年 | 129篇 |
1985年 | 108篇 |
1984年 | 84篇 |
1983年 | 55篇 |
1982年 | 59篇 |
1981年 | 69篇 |
1980年 | 38篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 28篇 |
1975年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
821.
822.
Guiqiang Wang Ruifeng Lin Yuan Lin Xueping Li Xiaowen Zhou Xurui Xiao 《Electrochimica acta》2005,50(28):5546-5552
A novel Pt counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) was prepared by thermal decomposition of H2PtCl6 on NiP-plated glass substrate. The charge-transfer kinetic properties of the platinized NiP-plated glass electrode (Pt/NiP electrode) for triiodide reduction were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Pt/NiP electrode has the advantage over the platinized FTO conducting glass electrode (Pt/FTO electrode) in increasing the light reflectance and reducing the sheet resistance leading to improve the light harvest efficiency and the fill factor of the dye-sensitized solar cells effectively. The photon-to-current efficiency and the overall conversion efficiency of DSC using Pt/NiP counter electrode is increased by 20% and 33%, respectively, compared to that of using Pt/FTO counter electrode. Examination of the anodic dissolution and the long-term test on the variation of charge-transfer resistance indicates the good stability of the Pt/NiP electrode in the electrolyte containing iodide/triiodide. 相似文献
823.
824.
Heinz Ludwig 《Desalination》2004,164(1):1-18
Ever since seawater desalination has been applied on an industrial scale, and particular in the countries of the Arabian Gulf, the application of desalination processes in dual-purpose facilities—water and power—as a hybrid configuration has been discussed in many feasibility investigations and also planning concepts. It is above all the combination of reverse osmosis with thermal processes that has found increasing interest with the aim of ensuring, as economically as possible, uniform water supplies under the specific, greatly varying load conditions in the Gulf countries. Such design concepts for hybrid configurations encompass straightforward structures with a low degree of coupling between membrane and thermal desalination processes, but range up to very complex configurations with strong interconnections on both the water side and thermally, as well as with several desalination processes connected in series or in parallel. Classical hybrid concepts in which the permeate from an RO desalination component is mixed with distillate from thermal desalination have already been implemented in Saudi Arabian dual-purpose plants, like Jeddah and Yanbu-Medina. Although hybrid systems of greater complexity have been addressed in many design studies and publications, up to now none has been brought to fruition. Coming into consideration asthe design basis for determining the capacity shares of the various desalination processes operated in a hybrid configuration are: arrangement of thermal cycle of the power plant component; water/power ratio of the dual-purpose seawater desalination and power plant; provision of undiminished water production of the desalination plant as electricity generation varies; provision of a specified drinking water quality with regard to composition and salt content; combination of all these aspects. Also gaining in importance are concerns of environmental pollution and sustainable development when selecting seawater desalination and power plant configurations, as well as their optimization when considering desalination and electricity generation as a whole. In the practical design of hybrid membrane and thermal systems, aspects come to light, though, that restrict linking of the two systems and joint utilization of facilities, as conceived in studies and conceptual design investigations. This applies both for common utilization of intakes and the use of heated up cooling water from thermal processes as a feed stream for the RO part of the desalination process. Additionally, requirements of drinking water composition, particularly chloride content, TDS and compliance with a specific residual content of boron, influence specifically the design of the membrane process part and its share in the total desalination capacity. Such practical aspects have greatly influenced the design and configuration of the Fujairah hybrid plant for which, from a total desalination capacity of 100 MIGD (454,600 m3/d), the share of 37.5 MIGD (170,500 m3/d) makes its seawater RO plant the biggest currently being constructed anywhere in the world. From the findings of the engineering of this plant and the idea that, by increasing interconnection between the two processes on the water side, it is possible to advance a hybrid configuration of this type with regard to cost optimization in the membrane installation, but also by joint utilization of the intake equipment, perspectives result for applied research efforts over the near and long terms, for example: long-term behavior of membranes at elevated temperatures; tendency for biofouling in membrane process with common utilization of cooling water and brine; influences of such interconnections on the overall availability of the facility. But also for the operation and maintenance organization of such large facilities, consequences can be foreseen for the future development of hybrid plants, particularly for operation management and organisation of the interplay of the different power plant and desalination systems, monitoring of SWRO membrane replacement and cleaning, as well as controlling water quality. 相似文献
825.
如何高效快速地应对网络中的故障是设计路由协议的基本要求和主要任务。由于动态路由协议在应对网络中的故障时,在协议动态收敛的过程中将会有大量的报文被丢弃。因此,目前路由器厂商普遍采用路由保护方法来克服网络故障,在众多的路由保护方法中,DC(downstream criterion)规则是一种被普遍认可的方法。然而,已有的实现 DC规则算法的时间复杂度普遍较高,并且复杂度随着网络节点平均度的增加而迅速增加。为了应对上述问题,提出一种线性时间复杂度的高效路由保护方案ERPLR(an efficient routing protection method with linear time complexity),该方法首先提出了备份下一跳计算规则,然后在已有最短路径树的基础上,根据备份下一跳计算规则为所有的源目的节点对计算备份下一跳。在计算备份下一跳的过程中,每个节点和其邻居最多被访问一次,因此ERPLR的时间复杂度为O(V+E)。实验结果表明,与已有的实现DC规则相比较,ERPLR在故障保护率和路径拉伸度两个度量指标结果相似的情况下,在真实网络拓扑和模拟拓扑中,ERPLR分别降低了大约74.93%和78.91%的计算开销,该方法可以极大地降低DC规则的计算开销。 相似文献
826.
Dehydroaromatization of methane to benzene occurs over a 2 wt% Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst at 700C under non-oxidizing conditions. Following an initial induction period, during which CH4 reactant reduces the original Mo6+ ions in the zeolite to Mo2C and deposition of coke occurs, a benzene selectivity of 70% at a CH4 conversion of 8–10% could be sustained for more than 16 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction measurements indicate that the reduced Mo is highly dispersed in the channels of the zeolite. Initial activation of CH4 reactant occurs on Mo2C sites, leading to the formation of C2H4 as the primary product. The latter then undergoes subsequent oligomerization reactions on acidic sites of the zeolite to form aromatic products. 相似文献
827.
828.
In this work, the reactions of ethane and ethene in an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere over γ-alumina were investigated under temperature-programmed conditions, in an attempt to estimate the possible contribution and functionality of the support in the reaction pathway of ethane ODH over MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts. The results indicate that alumina contributes to the primary deep oxidation and dehydrogenation routes of ethane to COx and coke respectively, which proceed effectively over the acidic OH groups and the Al3+–O2− acidic centers. On the contrary, the formation of ethylene seems to be coupled to the presence of redox sites on the catalytic surface and requires the presence of the molybdena phase. Moreover, the redox sites of the MoOx species were found to unselectively activate the further overoxidation of the olefin to carbon oxides. Therefore, Al2O3 catalyzes the unselective primary oxidation of ethane to carbon oxides, whereas the molybdena phase is involved in the selective oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane to ethene and the secondary overoxidation of ethene to COx. 相似文献
829.
Effect of Acceptor and Donor Dopants on the Dielectric and Tunable Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaofeng Liang Zhongyan Meng Wenbiao Wu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(12):2218-2222
The effects of different concentrations of Mn2+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , Fe3+ , La3+ , and Nb5+ on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6 Sr0.4 TiO3 ceramics were investigated. It was found that doping in small amounts with acceptor ions such as Mg2+ , Fe3+ , and Al3+ could meliorate the dielectric properties clearly. Decrease of dielectric loss was attributed to the formation of compensating defects originating from acceptor substitution. It was concluded that the tunability was linked to both the dielectric constant and the grain size. A higher figure of merit was obtained by doping the ceramics with smaller ions of Al and Fe, compared to Ti. 相似文献
830.
KNO_3/γ-Al_2O_3型固体超强碱催化合成香豆素的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
对以水杨甲醛与乙酸酐为原料合成香豆素的工艺进行了改进。首次采用KNO3/γAl2O3固体超强碱催化剂的工艺路线,提高了产物的收率。同时对催化剂用量、反应物的量比、反应温度的影响进行了研究。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:n(水杨醛)∶n(乙酸酐)=1.0∶1.6,催化剂用量为水杨醛质量的3%,反应近终点时在(210±2)℃,再保温反应0.5h,香豆素收率可达85%以上。该催化剂具有较高的催化活性,易于回收,可重复使用5次以上。 相似文献