塔里木河干流人工与天然绿洲转化及适宜比例研究

利用1990,2000,2010年3期Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像,基于RS/GIS技术,分别提取土地利用/覆被类型信息,分析1990~2010年塔里木河流域人工绿洲和天然绿洲的变化规律及其比例,探讨该区人工绿洲和天然绿洲的适宜配比。研究结果表明:(1)1990~2010年,研究区域人工绿洲呈不断扩张,天然绿洲面积不断缩小,人工绿洲替代天然绿洲的趋势。(2)1990~2010年,人工与天然绿洲总面积几乎无差异,面积变化主要是人工绿洲与天然绿洲之间的相互转换。具体表现为:天然草地、林地等向人工绿洲中的耕地、建筑用地转化;同时植被长势衰退:高覆盖草地向中、低覆盖草地转化,中覆盖草地向低覆盖草地转化,灌木林地逐渐退化为草地,低覆盖草地向沙漠转化。(3)人工与天然绿洲面积比例在近20 a呈增加的趋势,在1990,2000,2010年,人工与天然绿洲面积比值分别是1∶9,2∶8,3∶7。     

Modification of cellulose fiber with silk sericin

Cellulose fiber surface was modified with silk sericin (or simply, sericin). Sericin fixation on cellulose was confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR). Sericin content in finished samples was estimated by dyeing treated fabrics with an acid dye, Supranol Bordeaux B, and determining K/S and L values of the dyed fabrics. The treated fabrics were tested for free formaldehyde content, crease recovery, tensile strength, electrical resistance, water retention, and biocidal activity. From ESEM and FTIR‐ATR results, it was found that sericin coated onto cotton surfaces as a film. Increasing sericin content in the finishing solution increased the amount of coated sericin, and a greater depth of color in dyed samples and reduced free formaldehyde content in treated samples were observed. The sericin content in samples was found to have a negligible influence on tensile strength and crease recovery angle. With increasing sericin content, electrical resistivity of the samples dramatically decreased and water retention increased, indicating that sericin‐treated fabrics may be comfortable to wear because of its maintenance of moisture balance with respect to human skin. Because cotton textile coated with sericin exhibited low formaldehyde content and no biocidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, the fabric may reduce skin irritation and disturbance of physiological skin flora arising from textile contact. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1421–1428, 2005     

阳光下TiO2/GAC光催化处理洗涤剂废水的研究

利用太阳光作光源，采用固定在颗粒活性炭中的TiO2(TiO2／GAC)作光催化剂，利用其将活性炭极好的吸附性与TiO2优良的光催化性能结合于一体的特性，设计了对以洗衣粉配置的洗涤剂模拟废水的两种处理方案：同时光照-吸附法和吸附饱和-光照水洗再生法，并在实验基础上对两种方案的一些性能进行了讨论。     

基于重标极差法和神经网络的隧道变形趋势判断

为准确、科学及全面地对隧道变形进行趋势判断和预测分析,将隧道的变形过程划分为中期阶段和长期阶段,利用R/S分析对其位移序列和速率序列进行趋势判断研究,再利用PSO-BP神经网络对各阶段的变形进行预测,将预测结果与R/S分析结果进行对比,验证两者的一致性。利用两个工程实例进行检验,得出各序列的Hurst指数均大于0.5,说明各序列均具有持续变形的长期性,且位移序列的趋势性均大于速率序列的趋势性;同时,变形预测结果也显示隧道后期变形将持续增加,验证了R/S分析的准确性。     

Investigations of Electrical Properties in Silica/Indium Tin Oxide Two-Layer Film for Effective Electromagnetic Shielding

The effect of zinc ions added to silica film on the electrical and structural properties of a silica/indium tin oxide two-layer film which had been prepared by solution coating for electromagnetic shielding of displays was studied. The volume resistivity of the undoped silica/indium tin oxide film was more than 3 times as high as that of the zinc-doped silica/indium tin oxide film. The addition of divalent cations, zinc ions, to the overcoated layer led volume resistivity of the two-layer film to decrease significantly and also caused a long-term increase in stability. The decrease in volume resistivity was due to the addition of zinc ions that changed the interface ionization and helped to enhance the electrical conductivity in the two-layer film.     

Effect of low‐temperature plasma and chitosan treatment on wool dyeing with Acid Red 27

This study examines in detail the influence of low‐temperature plasma and biopolymer chitosan treatments on wool dyeability. Wool knitted fabrics were treated and characterized by whiteness and shrink‐resistance measurements. Surface modification was assessed by contact‐angle measurements of human hair fibers, which were used as a model to study the wetting properties of the treated wool knitted fabrics. The dyeing behavior was assessed from the diffusion mechanism point of view. The dyeing kinetics were measured at two different pHs (4.2 and 6.5) and three different temperatures (60, 85, and 100°C) to gain information about the contribution of the surface modification treatment to the dyeing mechanism. The exhaustion and reflectance data were compared, and the apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated. On the basis of the obtained results, a model for the dyeing mechanism of the chitosan treated wool was proposed. When treated with chitosan, the polymer sheath spread on the surface of the fibers acted as a predominant dyeing site in very short dyeing times, thus interacting with the dye and in later stages imparting the dye to the wool fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2204–2214, 2005     

横掠椭圆钉头管换热及流阻特性的实验研究

利用热质比拟原理及萘升华技术 ,对空气横掠椭圆钉头管时的对流换热及流阻特性进行了研究。对管面上及椭圆钉头上的对流换热系数分别进行了测量 ,通过计算得到总体换热系数及流动阻力的实验关联式。实验结果表明 ,椭圆钉头管的对流换热系数高于光管 ,在实验规定的雷诺数范围内 ,椭圆钉头管的流阻小于圆形钉头管 ,有时也低于光管     

覆炭载体及镍覆炭催化剂的积炭行为研究

用恒温热重法，以正己烷脱氢反应为指示反应，研究了γ-Al2O3覆炭载体（CCA0，γ-Al2O3，Ni/Al2O3及Ni/CCA催化剂的抗结焦性能；考察了覆炭原料，覆炭量对CCA的抗结焦性能的影响及积炭温度，正己烷浓度和覆炭量对Ni/CCA催化剂的抗结焦性能的影响。结果，CCA，Ni/CCA催化剂的抗结焦性能优于γ-Al2O3，Ni/Al2O3，以环烷烃为覆炭原料得到的CCA的抗结焦性能最好。     

Charge reduction and regeneration in K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ni2+ and Co2+-exchanged Wyoming Bentonite

Controlled calcination of ion-exchanged Wyoming Bentonite in the presence and absence of ammonia leads to layer charge reductions. Detailed chemical analyses of both unexchangeable and exchangeable species lead to the conclusion that in no case is there migration of the original interlamellar cations into the octahedral region of the layers although, in terms of ionic radius alone, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺ and, possibly Co²⁺, might be expected to do so. The production of unexchangeable Mg, Ni or Co, is identified as resulting from high temperature hydrolysis leading to hydroxide or oxide formation.     

基于泄洪移民区域分汊河道泄流相互影响的模型试验研究

基于政府的组织行为、政府的协调行为和政府的监督行为与行洪移民区域后期扶持的具体工作的研究,治淮工程移民安置方案产生31.2亿元的投资。移民区域的大小与安全行洪区范围直接相关,分汊河道行洪的最佳分流比决定了行洪的安全与否。为了探讨复杂并联泄洪河道中不同的闸门控制对泄流的影响,论文结合淮河入江水道归江控制段模型试验,对复杂分汊并联河道的分流比及其流态对河道的稳定等进行了分析研究。通过对所采集的水位流量资料进行理论分析,按照不同的闸门开度组合,结合水面流态,系统分析入江水道中下段分汊并联河道在不同的流量下最优闸门开度组合及支汊分流比。单闸控制,主汊河道闸门开度一定时,分流比随着总泄流量增加而减小,两支汊河道分流比基本相同,且随总泄流量增加而增加。双闸控制,主汊河道和支汊河道闸门组合调节时,主汊分流比同单闸控制,支汊分流比变化量来自主汊,不影响其他支汊河道分流比。最优闸门开度为主汊单闸控制2/3开度,最优分流比为76%、12%、12%,在此分流比下行洪,将保持移民后期区域不扩大或缩小。