A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies

The ability to trap precise quantities of cells or particles into confined areas has numerous applications for biological purposes. In particular, single cell trapping has received considerable attention because it permits the study of heterogeneity in a population, while trapping larger groups of cells have been used to form aggregates. Among several methods, the use of microwell offers a simple platform to capture cells or particles using hydrodynamic forces. This review examines the use of microwells in both static and microfluidic environments, and the application of microfluidic geometric arrays for trapping. This paper discusses the design and fabrication methods of microwells and compares the trapping and release techniques used in both static and microfluidics‐integrated microwells. Finally, we will summarize novel microfluidic geometric arrays used to capture cells or particles through hydrodynamic trapping.     

Surface Modification of Ready-to-Use Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Modules for Oil/Water Separation

Reusing wastewater from oil-related industries is becoming increasingly important, especially in water-stressed oil-producing countries. Before oily wastewater can be discharged or reused, it must be properly treated, e.g., by membrane-based processes like ultrafiltration. A major issue of the applied membranes is their high fouling propensity. This paper reports on mitigating fouling inside ready-to-use ultrafiltration hollow-fiber modules used in a polishing step in oil/water separation. For this purpose, in-situ polyzwitterionic hydrogel coating was applied. The membrane performance was tested with oil nano-emulsions using a mini-plant system. The main factors influencing fouling were systematically investigated using statistical design of experiments.     

半芳香族耐高温尼龙PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料制备及性能

采用半芳香族耐高温尼龙聚对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸己二胺(PA6T/6I)为树脂基体,铜铬氧化物为激光镭射助剂,制备了PA6T/6I基的激光直接成型(LDS)功能材料。采用扫描电子显微镜对激光镭射助剂分散状态及LDS功能材料模塑器件的表面形貌能进行了表征,使用热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪对LDS功能材料的热失重行为、熔融结晶性能进行了表征,研究了激光镭射助剂添加量对LDS功能材料的力学性能、热稳定性、化学镀性能的影响,同时研究了PA6T/6I熔融结晶性能和注塑模具温度对于模塑器件表面、外观的影响。结果表明,偶联剂的添加有利于改善激光镭射助剂在PA6T/6I树脂基体中的分散,其中环氧类的偶联剂KBM–403处理后的LDS镭射助剂分散效果最佳。激光镭射助剂添加量的增加,会造成LDS功能材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及初始分解温度降低。激光镭射助剂添加量在8%时,预镀铜上镀时间和镀层覆盖时间最短,化学镀效果最佳。当注塑模具温度为175℃时,玻纤增强PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料模塑器件的外观最佳。     

Creep behavior and failure mechanisms of CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites at temperatures to 1650 °C in air

Creep properties of 2D woven CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites with Sylramic™-iBN SiC fibers were measured at temperatures to 1650 °C in air and the data was compared with the literature. Batch-to-batch variations in the tensile and creep properties, and thermal treatment effects on creep, creep parameters, damage mechanisms, and failure modes for these composites were studied. Under the test conditions, the CVI SiC/SiC composites exhibited both matrix and fiber-dominated creep depending on stress, whereas the PIP SiC/SiC composites displayed only fiber-dominated creep. Creep durability in both composite systems is controlled by the most creep resistant phase as well as oxidation of the fibers via cracking matrix. Specimen-to- specimen variations in porosity and stress raisers caused significant differences in creep behavior and durability. The Larson-Miller parameter and Monkman-Grant relationship were used wherever applicable for analyzing and predicting creep durability.     

Microstructure and ablation performance of HfC/PyC core-shell structure nanowire-reinforced Hf1-xZrxC coating

To improve the ablation performance of C/C composites, HfC/PyC core-shell structure nanowire (HfCnw/PyC)-reinforced Hf_1-xZr_xC coating was prepared via three-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Effects of HfCnw/PyC and PyC layer thickness on the microstructure, residual stress and ablation performance of Hf_1-xZr_xC coating were studied. HfCnw/PyC-reinforced coatings exhibited equiaxial crystal structure. After incorporating HfCnw/PyC, ablation property of Hf_1-xZr_xC coating was enhanced because of the skeleton role of HfO₂ nanowires. PyC possessed low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and high heat conductivity, but poor ablation performance. Hence, with the increase in thickness of PyC layer, ablation property of the coating first increased and then decreased. HfCnw/PyC-reinforced Hf_1-xZr_xC coating with PyC layer thickness of about 50 nm exhibited the best ablation property.     

用Al作中间层的Si3N4陶瓷的扩散焊接

在温度为600℃，压强为30MPa和保温2h的条件下，成功地实现了Si3N4／Al／Si3N4试样的直空扩散连接，用SEM和EPMA方法进行的连接机理分析表明，Si3N4和Al的连接是通过有限的原子相互扩散实现的。用SEM和EDXA方法研究了Si3N4／Al界面的断口。结果表明，Si3N4／Al界面的断裂模式属于界面脆性剥离。     

计算机集中控制系统在制冷站的应用

本文介绍了汽车车身油漆车间制冷站采用计算机集中控制的设计和改造方法，对系统方案选择、系统配置、智能软启动器的应用等进行了论述。     

Analytical study of surface and bulk oxidation of Astroloy

Nickel-base alloys, such as Astroloy, used for aeronautical turbine disks, are sensitive to time-dependent cracking in environments containing oxygen. The mosaic structure of the alloy consisting islands (200 nm average size) surrounded by the -phase (100 nm thick) induces complex oxidation phenomena. Various analytical approaches allow the delineation of all the steps from segregation to oxidation occurring on the surface of such a duplex structure. The protection of Astroloy by its outer oxide layer against oxygen penetration was studied also, using alternative ¹⁶O₂ then ¹⁸O₂ oxidation. In association with STEM studies, it is shown that the outer oxide scale is not a real barrier against oxygen penetration and that inner precipitation of chronium (+ aluminium and titanium)-enriched oxides, takes place especially in the structure.     

基于组件的工具管理系统研究

针对目前批量型制造企业产品品种繁多,工艺复杂,所需工具数量多的现状,传统的管理方法将刀具、量具、模具等分立管理而各自成为"信息孤岛",制约了企业生产效率的提高.文章根据企业实际建立了车间工具管理信息系统的功能模型和信息模型,利用先进的计算机和网络数据库技术开发了基于组件的C/S和B/S的混合结构的工具管理系统.该系统使得工具管理信息高度畅通,提高了企业工具管理的效率,取得了很好的效果.     

气体氮碳共渗钢板表面粗糙度和形貌的研究

研究了抛光冷轧钢板气体氮碳共渗时氨流量对共渗层表面粗糙度和形貌的影响。用扫描电镜和表面粗糙度仪对氮碳共渗层的表面形貌进行观察和测定。结果表明，随氨流量的增大，氮碳共渗层表面的粗糙度减小，表面组织细小致密。当氨流量小于1．0m^3／h时，表面粗糙度随共渗时间的延长逐步增大。钢板表面粗糙度与工件在炉中的位置和排布方式以及氨分解率有关。