不同实验装置测定粉尘湿润剂的湿润效果相关性

采用滴液法、正向渗透法和反渗湿润法分别研究了3种阴离子型湿润剂对10种硫化矿粉尘的湿润效果,比较了不同实验装置研究湿润剂湿润粉尘的相关性.结果表明:温度约20℃时,使用上述3种实验方法对相同的试剂和粉尘做湿润实验没有相关性,许多情况下还出现完全相反的结果;而对于相同的实验装置,3种湿润剂都具有较好的相关性.由此可以看出,实验室研究湿润剂所采用的方法在原理上要与应用现场的特征相适应,否则就将适得其反.     

High yield synthesis of diverse well‐defined end‐functionalized polymers by combination of anionic polymerization and “click” chemistry

Well‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (M_n = 3630 g mol^?1, PDI = 1.06) with a primary benzylic bromide prepared using anionic polymerization was successfully transformed into diverse end‐functionalities (ω‐carboxyl, ω‐hydroxy, ω‐methyl‐vinyl, ω‐trimethylsilane, and ω‐glycidyl‐ether) via “click” reaction. The bromine end‐terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) was first substituted by an azide function and sequentially was reacted with various functional alkynes (propiolic acid, propargyl alcohol, 2‐methyl‐1‐buten‐3‐yne, propargyl trimethylsilane, and propargyl glycidylether). In all the cases, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C NMR, FT‐IR, and GPC measurements show qualitative and quantitative transformation of the chain‐end poly(methyl methacrylate) into the desired functionalities with high conversion (above 99%). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

端羟基聚异戊二烯及其共聚物的合成与表征

以仲丁基锂为引发剂,引发异戊二烯本体负离子聚合,再用环氧丙烷甲醇终止法合成了端羟基聚异戊二烯;然后利用端羟基聚异戊二烯的活性端羟基,引发丙交酯的开环聚合制备了聚乳酸一聚异戊二烯共聚物,并采用IR、^1H—NMR、TG等测试手段对产品进行了表征。结果表明,通过改变仲丁基锂及环氧丙烷的用量,可合成相对分子质量及羟基含量可控的且1,4-结构质量分数超过87．5％的端羟基聚异戊二烯。     

极性调节剂对SSBR微观结构及聚合反应的影响

以正丁基锂为引发剂,以环己烷为溶剂,分别采用SDBS／THF、SDBS／PMDETA为复合调节剂,制备了溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）;研究了极性调节剂对聚合反应速率和聚合物微观结构的影响。结果表明：复合调节剂可使聚合反应速率增加,并且使聚合物链中乙烯基含量和苯乙烯含量均匀分布,得到的产品是完全无规化的SSBR,相对分子质量分布大于1．6,从而对改善SSBR的性能起到了重要的作用。最终合成的SSBR具有良好的物理机械性能。     

氢氧化镁改性硅藻土对阴离子染料的吸附性能研究

对硅藻土进行氢氧化镁改性以提高它对印染废水中染料的吸附性能.采用原位沉淀法由MgCl2及NaOH在硅藻土上制备了氢氧化镁,并用SEM、XRD对改性材料进行了表征;用分光光度法研究了它对阴离子染料的吸附性能.结果显示:改性硅藻土的染料吸附能力比原硅藻土及氢氧化镁都高;染料的吸附等温线采用Langmuir及Freundlich模型拟合,结果表明改性硅藻土对染料的吸附更符合Freundlich模型.     

离子型树脂催化酯交换反应的研究

一种线型强碱型阴离子型树脂与无机材料SiO2的共混物QAPPES/SiO2被制备了出来,作为催化剂应用于大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应中,制备脂肪酸甲酯.实验结果表明,QAPPES/SiO2在较低的温度下对脂肪酸甘油酯与甲醇的酯交换反应表现出较高的催化活性:在快速的搅拌下,60℃、醇油体积比3:1、催化剂加入量与豆油加入量数值上的关系为1:4(质量/体积)、反应时间为8 h,在此条件下油脂的转化率可达到76%.不同因素对反应影响作用的大小依次为反应物醇油比(体积)>反应搅拌速度＞反应温度＞反应催化剂加入量＞反应时间.     

三联阴离子表面活性剂的合成及其表面化学性能

采用丙三醇、环氧氯丙烷、十二醇及氯磺酸为主要原料合成了三联阴离子表面活性剂Ⅲ-12S.采用元素分析、液相色谱和质谱对产物结构进行表征,通过表面张力的测定研究了其在不同温度和不同反离子浓度下的表面化学性质,并计算了其溶液的胶团化热力学函数.结果表明,表面活性剂Ⅲ-12S具有更低的临界胶团浓度(cmc)和降低表面张力的能力,40℃、c(NaCl)=0.20 mol/L时,最低表面张力(γcmc)和cmc分别为27.54 mN/m和4.898×10-5mol/L.其胶团化热力学函数表明其形成胶团的过程为熵驱动.     

耐高温降黏剂对河南特稠油的应用研究

采用自制耐高温降黏剂SP对河南特稠油进行乳化降黏,研究了SP降黏的操作条件、促进剂对降黏的影响、SP的普适性及现场加剂方式对其降黏效果的影响。结果表明,SP在乳化剂水溶液中的质量分数为0.05%、乳化温度70℃～80℃、m(水)∶m(油)=30∶70～40∶60、乳化时间3 min～9 min的条件下,25℃时使河南特稠油1#黏度由202.7 Pa.s降至其乳状液黏度低于34.2 mPa.s,降黏率均达99%以上。实验还表明,高温(260℃～300℃)处理前后SP对河南特稠油的降黏效果比较稳定,降黏率都达到99%以上。     

Eudragit and hydrotalcite-like anionic clay composite system for diclofenac colonic delivery

In this paper, the microencapsulation of the MgAl-hydrotalcite (HTlc) and diclofenac (DIK) intercalation product (HTlc-DIK) was realized in order to obtain a composite system for colonic drug delivery. Eudragit^® S or Eudragit^® L were used as polymers for preparation of microparticles (MPs). MPs were prepared by using a properly modified oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. A 1:5 or 1:10 w/w HTlc-DIK/polymer ratios were employed. An experimental design was applied in order to assess the preparation variable effects on the qualitative MP appearance. Improved MP preparations were achieved when 7–13 ml of acetone-ethanol solution was employed at both HTlc-DIK/polymer ratios. The MPs were tested for in vitro drug release. DIK release from Eudragit^® L MPs at pH 6.8 reached 26–35% within 25–30 min at both HTlc-DIK/polymer ratios and no further increase was observed when the pH was shifted to 7.5. DIK release from Eudragit^® S MPs at pH 7.5 reached for both ratios 70% after 6–8 h.The obtained results showed that hydrotalcite intercalation compound can be microencapsulated without missing the intercalated compound and the resulted composite MPs showed good characteristics. Besides HTlc-DIK/Eudragit^® S MPs possess improved features with respect to HTlc-DIK/Eudragit^® L MPs. For this reason, HTlc-DIK/Eudragit^® S MPs could be promising for drug delivery either to the distal part of small intestine or to the colon.     

多官能度聚乙二醇的合成研究

以D-山梨醇为引发剂,二甲亚砜为溶剂,氢氧化钾为催化剂,环氧乙烷为单体,阴离子开环聚合合成了多官能度聚乙二醇。详细考察了催化剂、引发剂、溶剂、聚合温度等因素对聚合产物的性能影响。初步确定了聚合条件,聚合温度100～110℃,聚合时间6h。通过官能度的理论计算和测试证明合成的聚合物为多官能度聚乙二醇。